1、<p><b>　　中文1515字</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系 別： 管理科學(xué)與工程系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 工程管理 </p><p>　　2015 年 3 月 18 日</p><p><

2、;b>　　外文資料翻譯譯文</b></p><p><b>　　商品混凝土質(zhì)量控制</b></p><p>　　----《商品混凝土質(zhì)量控制》</p><p><b>　　呂克·貝松</b></p><p>　　商品混凝土從生產(chǎn)、施工、養(yǎng)護、硬化是一系列的過程，要獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)

3、的商品混凝土，必須在這個過程中貫徹全面的質(zhì)量管理（P、D、C、A循環(huán)）。P(PLAN)計劃即配置優(yōu)質(zhì)的商品混凝土的措施；D（DO）即按照計劃進行實施；C（CHECK）即對生產(chǎn)的混凝土進行檢查是否滿足質(zhì)量要求；A（ACTION）即對檢查結(jié)論進行處理，并把經(jīng)驗總結(jié)用于實際生產(chǎn)中。甚至從原材料的優(yōu)選、配合比設(shè)計、出廠質(zhì)量控制、施工、養(yǎng)護硬化都應(yīng)該貫徹全面的質(zhì)量管理質(zhì)量管理是確保所有的項目活動設(shè)計的必要過程，計劃和執(zhí)行項目的有效和高效的目的和其

4、性能的目的。</p><p>　　1 商品混凝土的定義</p><p>　　商品混凝土是指以集中攪拌、遠距離運輸?shù)姆绞较蚪ㄖさ毓?yīng)一定要求的混凝土。它包括混合物攪拌、運輸、泵送和澆筑等工藝過程。嚴格地講商品混凝土是指混凝土的工藝和產(chǎn)品，而不是混凝土的品種，它應(yīng)包括大流動性混凝土、流態(tài)混凝土、泵送混凝土、高強混凝土、大體積混凝土、防滲抗裂混凝土或高性能混凝土等。 </p&g

5、t;<p>　　因此，商品混凝土是現(xiàn)代混凝土與現(xiàn)代化施工工藝的結(jié)合，它的普及程度能代表一個國家或地區(qū)的混凝土施工水平和現(xiàn)代化程度。</p><p>　　2 商品混凝土的特點</p><p>　　商品混凝土的產(chǎn)生和出現(xiàn)是建筑材料，特別是混凝土發(fā)展史上的一次“革命”,是混凝土工業(yè)走向現(xiàn)代化和科學(xué)化的標志。與傳統(tǒng)混凝土比較，商品混凝土具有獨特的優(yōu)勢： </p>

6、<p>　?。?）生產(chǎn)過程嚴格執(zhí)行國家和行業(yè)標準，所用原材料相對穩(wěn)定，</p><p>　　（2）能節(jié)省工程量，擴大建筑物的有效使用空間。</p><p>　?。?）能大大縮短建設(shè)工期，提高建設(shè)速度。施工單位使用商品混凝土，施工速度加快，減少設(shè)備、架管模板等周轉(zhuǎn)租賃費用；業(yè)主單位可縮短建設(shè)周期，降低投資風(fēng)險。 </p><p>　?。?）泵送

7、施工，可進行高層、一定距離范圍內(nèi)作業(yè)，提高效率，減輕勞動強度，降低施工管理費用、技術(shù)難度和質(zhì)量風(fēng)險；而且使大體積混凝土實施連續(xù)、無縫施工成為可能。 </p><p>　?。?）保護和改善環(huán)境。使用商品混凝土能節(jié)省施工用地，減少資源浪費。  </p><p>　?。?）減少建筑地盤材料堆放的占地面積，避免交通堵塞。避免“建好一幢樓，損壞一條路”的現(xiàn)狀，使施工環(huán)境

8、保持整潔，實現(xiàn)文明施工。 </p><p><b>　　3 質(zhì)量控制工具</b></p><p>　　有一對很好的工具，可以用來控制一個項目的質(zhì)量，這些都是原因和效果圖，</p><p>　　因果圖，又稱為魚骨圖或石川圖（命名為石川，日本的質(zhì)量控制人員，誰開發(fā)的概念在20世紀60年代，被認為是質(zhì)量管理的七個基本工具）為魚骨圖，因為他們

9、的魚一樣的外觀，它是一種分析工具提供的看著的影響及其產(chǎn)生的原因，有助于創(chuàng)造或影響一個系統(tǒng)的方法。石川圖采用問題解決團隊作為一種工具，組裝所有輸入（為他們解決這個問題的原因是什么）系統(tǒng)和圖形，與輸入通常來自一個頭腦風(fēng)暴會議。它使團隊的重點為何出現(xiàn)問題，而不是對問題的歷史或癥狀，或其他主題，離開會議的意圖。它也顯示了一個實時的“快照”的團隊的集體輸入更新是?？赡艿脑蚴窃谶B支不同的詳細程度，與細節(jié)作為分支向外，即水平不斷提高，外支是它是連接

10、到內(nèi)部分支的原因。因此，最外層的樹枝通常表明問題的根源。</p><p><b>　　因果圖</b></p><p>　　4 商品混凝土質(zhì)量控制措施</p><p>　　混凝土的質(zhì)量由原材料、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、有關(guān)人員三個因素構(gòu)成，也就是所謂的硬件和軟件。對原材料嚴格把關(guān)、選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)經(jīng)濟的原材料，通過先進的生產(chǎn)工藝進行生產(chǎn)，人員具有良好的素質(zhì)，認真負責(zé)地

11、貫徹相關(guān)標準，準確無誤地完成各個工序，是獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的商品混凝土的保證。原材料包括水泥、粗細骨料、外加劑、摻和料、是優(yōu)良混凝土的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，然后按照合理的配合比，在生產(chǎn)過程中根據(jù)原材料、天氣情況、施工情況等進行配合比調(diào)整，對出廠的混凝土進行取樣、檢驗、成型養(yǎng)護，并把檢驗結(jié)果反饋到生產(chǎn)控制中；對于出廠的混凝土進行跟蹤控制，要求施工方及時地反饋混凝土質(zhì)量情況，以便進行生產(chǎn)控制；同時要求施工方對澆注的混凝土進行合理的養(yǎng)護，以便獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的混凝土。&l

12、t;/p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　Quality control of commercial concrete</p><p>　　----《Quality control of commercial concrete》</p><p>　　Luc Besson</

13、p><p>　　Commercial concrete from production, construction,, maintenance, hardening process is a series, to obtain high-quality concrete, must implement a comprehensive quality management (P, D, C in t

14、he process, A cycle). P (plan) program that measures the quality of ready-mixed concrete configuration; D (DO) that is implemented according to plan; C (CHECK) that checks for the production of concrete meets the quality

15、 requirements; A (ACTION) that the conclusions of the inspection processing and the less</p><p>　　1 Definition of Commercial concrete</p><p>　　Commercial concrete is to point to by the concentra

16、ted stirring, long-distance transportation way to supply certain requirements of concrete construction site. It includes mixture mixing, transportation, pumping and pouring process. Strictly commercial concrete refers to

17、 the process and concrete products, rather than concrete variety, it should include a large liquidity concrete, flow concrete, pumping concrete, high strength concrete, mass concrete, anti-seepage anti-crack concrete and

18、 high per</p><p>　　Therefore, commercial concrete is a combination of modern concrete and modern construction technology， its popularity can represent a country or a region of concrete construction level and

19、 modernization degree.</p><p>　　2 The characteristics of the commercial concrete</p><p>　　The generation of commercial concrete and building materials, in particular, a "revolution" in

20、 the history of the development of concrete, is a sign of concrete industry towards modernization and scientific. Compared with the traditional concrete, concrete products with unique advantages:</p><p>　　th

21、e production process strictly implement national and industry standards,</p><p>　　raw materials used are relatively stable,</p><p>　　(2) can save quantity, enlarge the effective use of building

22、space.</p><p>　　(3) can greatly shorten the construction period, improve the construction speed. The use of commercial concrete construction unit, construction speed, reduce the turnover rental expenses such

23、 as equipment, pipe rack template; Owners can shorten the construction period, reduce the investment risk.</p><p>　　(4) pumping construction, high-rise, distance can be within the scope of operation, improve

24、 efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the lower the quality of construction management fees, technical difficulty and risk; And makes mass concrete implement continuous and seamless construction possible.</p><p

25、>　　(5) the protection and improvement of the environment. Use of commercial concrete can save land for construction, reduce the waste of resources.</p><p>　　(6) to reduce construction site materials piled

26、 up in the area, to avoid traffic jams. Avoid "built a building, the damage is a way" of the status quo, keep the construction environment clean and tidy, civilized construction.</p><p>　　3 Quality

27、 Control Tools</p><p>　　There are a couple of good tools that can be used to control quality on a project, these are cause and effect diagrams, Pareto charts and control charts: </p><p>　　Cause

28、and Effect Diagram, also known as fishbone diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams (named after Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control statistician, who developed the concept in the 1960s, and is considered one of the seven ba

29、sic tools of quality management) It is named fishbone diagram because of their fish-like appearance, it is an analysis tool that provides a systematic way of looking at effects and the causes that create or contribute to

30、 those effects. The Ishikawa Diagram is employed by a </p><p>　　Cause and effect diagram</p><p>　　4 Commercial concrete quality control measures</p><p>　　Concrete consists of raw ma

31、terials, production equipment, the quality of the three factors constitute the people concerned, known as hardware and software. Strictly control for raw materials, choose high quality raw materials of economy, through t

32、he use of advanced production technology for production, personnel with good quality, serious and responsible to implement the standards, each working procedure to complete correctly, is a high quality of commodity concr