1、<p><b>　　翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　原文</b></p><p>　　中國(guó)選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)狀</p><p><b>　　鄧曉陽(yáng)，周少雷</b></p><p>　　摘要：中國(guó)選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)狀是，對(duì)于大型的選煤基地，設(shè)計(jì)了大型選煤廠，采用了大型

2、選煤設(shè)備；同時(shí)采用精確的選煤方法和分選分級(jí)設(shè)備及過程控制；選煤工藝系統(tǒng)、設(shè)備配置、生產(chǎn)操作均很簡(jiǎn)單；新型設(shè)備及控制、各種耐磨材料、工藝布置及廠房結(jié)構(gòu)注重實(shí)用，這些特點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在平朔安家?guī)X、淮北臨煥、神東石圪臺(tái)、神東大柳塔等選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐中。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：選煤廠；設(shè)計(jì)；現(xiàn)狀；實(shí)例</p><p>　　近十幾年來，為了加速實(shí)現(xiàn)煤炭的潔凈利用，中國(guó)選煤廠的建設(shè)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的高潮

3、。所建選煤廠的主要特征反映在兩個(gè)方面：一是建設(shè)規(guī)模大、數(shù)量多，技術(shù)裝備先進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)效率高；二是建設(shè)工期縮短，基建投資和生產(chǎn)成本大幅度降低。這表明中國(guó)選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)已達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。本文從述評(píng)的角度，重點(diǎn)介紹中國(guó)的選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)。</p><p><b>　　1選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p>　　中國(guó)選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)狀，可以用“大型、精確、簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)用”來概括。&l

4、t;/p><p>　　“大型”具體表現(xiàn)為大型選煤基地、大型選煤廠、大型選煤設(shè)備。</p><p>　　隨著大型煤炭基地的規(guī)劃與建設(shè)，大型選煤基地也基本形成。大型動(dòng)力煤基地主要有：神東基地(神東、準(zhǔn)格爾等)，晉北基地(大同、平朔等)，晉東南基地(陽(yáng)泉、晉城等)，兩淮基地(淮南、淮北、永城等)，東北基地，云、貴、川基地等。大型煉焦煤基地主要有：晉中基地(古交、離柳、霍州、鄉(xiāng)寧等)，魯西基地(棗莊、

5、兗州等)，冀中基地(開灤、峰峰、邢臺(tái)等)，東北基地等。動(dòng)力煤選煤廠的高速發(fā)展，是近期選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)的主要特征，其中，平朔煤炭工業(yè)公司年人洗原煤能力已達(dá)到85.00Mt。煉焦煤選煤廠的建設(shè)規(guī)模也比l0A前有所增長(zhǎng)，其中，霍州煤電集團(tuán)年入洗原煤能力已達(dá)到15.00Mt。</p><p>　　新設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)的3.0Mt/a以上的大型選煤廠、 10.0Mt/a以上的特大型選煤廠越來越多。其中 最大的動(dòng)力煤選煤廠為平朔安家?guī)X選

6、煤廠，年人洗原煤能力達(dá)到40.00Mt；最大的煉焦煤選煤廠為淮北臨煥選煤廠，年人洗原煤能力達(dá)到12.50Mt。</p><p>　　大型選煤設(shè)備的應(yīng)用為選煤廠大型化提 供了有利條件。目前生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中成功應(yīng)用的最大設(shè)備主要有以下幾類：分選設(shè)備有槽寬7.9m的重介質(zhì)刮板分選機(jī)，1500mm直徑的二產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器， 1400/1050mm直徑的三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器，4m2 面積的動(dòng)篩跳汰機(jī)，6m寬的空氣脈動(dòng)跳汰機(jī)，16m

7、3 容積的浮選機(jī)，6m直徑的單槽浮選機(jī)，4.5m直徑的浮選柱和36 m2面積的浮選床，1m直徑的螺旋分選機(jī)等等；篩分設(shè)備有4.9m寬的香蕉篩和水平振動(dòng)篩，50m2面積的傾斜振動(dòng)篩(博后篩)；脫水設(shè)備有120m2面積的加壓過濾機(jī)，1500mm直徑的臥式振動(dòng)離心機(jī)， 1050m2面積的板框壓濾機(jī)和300m2面積的快速壓濾機(jī)，50m直徑的濃縮機(jī)等。重介質(zhì)立輪、斜輪分選機(jī)因其設(shè)備龐大難于大型化。</p><p>　　“精

8、確”就是采用精確的選煤方法、精確的分選分級(jí)設(shè)備、精確的過程控制。</p><p>　　重介質(zhì)選煤方法以其高精度分選的優(yōu)勢(shì)逐步取代傳統(tǒng)的跳汰選煤方法，已成為應(yīng)用最廣泛的選煤方法。微泡浮選技 術(shù)正逐步取代傳統(tǒng)的浮選技 術(shù)。l～0.25mm粗粒煤泥的分選過程受到重視，普遍傾向于采用重力分選的方法，從而減少浮選人料量，降低生產(chǎn)成本。而末煤跳汰機(jī)、螺旋滾筒(帕拉比)、搖床、水力旋流器等分選精度不高的選煤方法，近10A來一直

9、沒有新的應(yīng)用實(shí)例。</p><p>　　設(shè)備的分選、分級(jí)精度越來越高。不僅重介質(zhì)分選機(jī)、重介質(zhì)旋流器等新型設(shè)備的分選精度大幅度提高，而且跳汰機(jī)等傳統(tǒng)設(shè)備的分選精度也有所提高。細(xì)粒煤篩分機(jī)的分級(jí)精度和分級(jí)效率越來越得到重視。</p><p>　　精確的過程控制成為選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)的重要環(huán)計(jì)建設(shè)的選煤廠越來越趨于規(guī)范化：幾乎都是重節(jié)。集中控制、監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)三者合一。不僅要對(duì)工藝設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制，而

10、且要對(duì)有關(guān)閥門和泵進(jìn)行控制，輸送機(jī)械設(shè)有多重、多段保護(hù)， 大大提高了選煤廠自動(dòng)化水平，提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。</p><p>　　“簡(jiǎn)單”指工藝系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、設(shè)備配置簡(jiǎn)單、生產(chǎn)操作簡(jiǎn)單。</p><p>　　三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器工藝系統(tǒng)近幾年在中國(guó)得到普遍應(yīng)用，其主要特點(diǎn)是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單。不脫泥、不分級(jí)的重介質(zhì)旋流器工藝系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)也是系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單。干法分選工藝、煤泥重介質(zhì)分選工藝和動(dòng)篩跳汰分選工藝得到發(fā)展，還

11、是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單。</p><p>　　設(shè)備的大型化使得設(shè)備配置簡(jiǎn)單化成為可能。耐磨材料的應(yīng)用，提高了設(shè)備的使用壽命及 可靠性，進(jìn)而取消了備用或冗余的工藝系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備。年處理能力2.00Mt以下的煉焦煤選煤廠或年介質(zhì)選煤廠，關(guān)鍵設(shè)備大部分引進(jìn)。而對(duì)于中國(guó)眾多的煤質(zhì)資源和市場(chǎng)需求來說，量體裁衣、因地制宜更為重要。不同的選煤方法有其自身的適用范圍。以當(dāng)前中國(guó)的機(jī)械制造水平來看，全部采用國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備來裝備大型及特大型選煤廠，應(yīng)

12、當(dāng)沒有問題。平朔安家?guī)X選煤廠二期工程引進(jìn)設(shè)備的種類和數(shù)量就比一期工程少得多。中國(guó)當(dāng)代選煤設(shè)計(jì)普遍應(yīng)用的新技 術(shù)主要來源于國(guó)家“九五”、“十五”攻關(guān)成果及其衍生 術(shù)。例如，三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器技 術(shù)，大直徑重介質(zhì)旋流器技 術(shù)，不分級(jí)重介質(zhì)選煤技 術(shù)，不脫泥重介質(zhì)選煤技 術(shù)，兩段重介質(zhì)旋流器等密度分選超低灰煤技 術(shù)，浮選柱(床)技 術(shù)，動(dòng)篩跳汰處理能力4.00Mt以下的動(dòng)力煤選煤廠可以采用單臺(tái)套設(shè)備的配置方式，進(jìn)一步使工藝系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單化、生產(chǎn)操作

13、更容易。</p><p>　　中國(guó)選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜、再由復(fù)雜到簡(jiǎn)單的過程，但現(xiàn)在的簡(jiǎn)單和20世紀(jì)60年代的簡(jiǎn)單有著質(zhì)的不同。</p><p>　　“實(shí)用”包括實(shí)用新型的設(shè)備、實(shí)用可靠的控制、實(shí)用耐磨的材料、實(shí)用簡(jiǎn)潔的工藝及布置、實(shí)用新穎的廠房結(jié) 構(gòu)等等?！皩?shí)用、適用、好用”作為檢驗(yàn)和評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)計(jì)的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，已悄然為人們所接受。目前，新設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)的選煤廠越來越趨于規(guī)范化 ：幾乎都是

14、重介質(zhì)選煤廠，關(guān)鍵設(shè)備大部分引進(jìn)。而對(duì)于中國(guó)眾多的煤質(zhì)資源和市場(chǎng)需求來說，量體裁衣、因地制宜更為重要。不同的選煤方法有其自身的適用范圍。以當(dāng)前中國(guó)的機(jī)械制造水平來看，全部采用國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備來裝備大型及特大型選煤廠，應(yīng)當(dāng)沒有問題。平朔安家?guī)X選煤廠二期工程引進(jìn)設(shè)備的種類和數(shù)量就比一期工程少得多。 </p><p>　　中國(guó)當(dāng)代選煤設(shè)計(jì)普遍應(yīng)用的新技術(shù)主要來源于國(guó)家 “ 九五” 、 “ 十五”攻關(guān)成果及其衍生技術(shù)。例如，三

15、產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器技術(shù)，大直徑重介質(zhì)旋流器技術(shù) ，不分級(jí)重介質(zhì)選煤技術(shù)，不脫泥重介質(zhì)選煤技術(shù)，兩段重介質(zhì)旋流器等密度分選超低灰煤技術(shù)，浮選柱( 床) 技術(shù)，動(dòng)篩跳汰機(jī)排矸技 術(shù)，干法選煤技 術(shù)，加壓過濾機(jī)脫水技術(shù)，大傾角、大振幅篩分技 術(shù)，高頻篩脫水技 術(shù)等等。其中，大直徑三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器的普遍應(yīng)用是中國(guó)對(duì)世界選煤工業(yè)做出的重要貢獻(xiàn)。</p><p>　　北京華宇工程公司和威海海王旋流器公司聯(lián)合研制的HW系列新型

16、無壓給料大直徑重介質(zhì)旋流器(Ф1400/1050)，不再是兩個(gè)二產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器的簡(jiǎn)單組合，稱得上是具有真正意義的三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器。試驗(yàn)表明，HW系列重介質(zhì)旋流器的二段入料流態(tài)平穩(wěn)，料層沒有打亂，可以縮短二段重介質(zhì)旋流器的分選時(shí)間、提高分選精度和處理能力。該重介質(zhì)旋流器已經(jīng)安裝在淮南望峰崗選煤廠改擴(kuò)建工程中，今年年底前將投入使用。</p><p>　　2幾座典型選煤廠的設(shè)計(jì)</p><p&g

17、t;　　近幾年來，中國(guó)每年都要設(shè)計(jì)、新建或改造數(shù)十座選煤廠。筆者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)代比較典型的有特色的選煤廠為：平朔安家?guī)X選煤廠、淮北臨煥選煤廠、神東石圪臺(tái)選煤廠、神東大柳塔選煤廠等。</p><p>　　平朔安家?guī)X選煤廠是中國(guó)目前規(guī)模最大的現(xiàn)代化高效選煤廠，位于山 西省朔州市。一期工程1998年4月開工，2000年8月建成，入洗安家?guī)X露天礦原煤。原設(shè)計(jì)年處理原煤15.0Mt；按現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作制度5280h/a計(jì)算，實(shí)際

18、處理能力已達(dá)24.00～25.0Mt/a。二期工程2005年4月開工，2006年7月建成，入洗安家?guī)X1 井原煤煤。原設(shè)計(jì)年處理原煤10.00Mt；按現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作制度計(jì)算，實(shí)際處理能力可達(dá)14.00～15.00Mt/a。二期工程正式運(yùn)行后，安家?guī)X選煤廠全廠的實(shí)際處理能力可達(dá)38.00～40.00Mt/a。</p><p>　　安家?guī)X選煤廠分出口煤選煤系統(tǒng)和內(nèi)銷煤排矸系統(tǒng)，采用分級(jí)重介質(zhì)選煤工藝，150～13mm

19、塊煤采用淺槽重介質(zhì)刮板分選機(jī)分選，13～0.15mm末煤采用重介質(zhì)旋流器分選。選煤產(chǎn)品及指標(biāo)為：精煤(優(yōu)質(zhì)動(dòng)力煤)灰分Ad ≤14％、硫分St,d≤1％、發(fā)熱量Qgr,v,ad ≥28.5MJ/kg，主供出口；洗混煤(一般內(nèi)銷混煤)灰分Ad ≤35％、硫分St,d≤1％、發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar ≥17.8MJ/kg；混煤(優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)銷混煤)灰分Ad ≤22％、硫分St,d≤1.5％、發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar ≥22.8MJ/kg，供國(guó)內(nèi)電廠。安家

20、嶺選煤廠一期工程采用的W22F54型淺槽重介質(zhì)刮板分選機(jī)、D26B～S200重介質(zhì)旋流器、MMD1050、MMD625型破碎機(jī)、BS 6×24(英尺)分級(jí)篩、HVS 10×16(英尺)脫介篩、HSG1100、H900C離心機(jī)、D15B～S288分級(jí)旋流器、Φ36×117(英寸)磁選機(jī)、50m濃縮機(jī)、120m2加壓過濾機(jī)、5000t/h快速定量裝車站、耐磨渣漿泵、配電柜、室外組合變電站、控制主機(jī)、檢測(cè)儀表等主

21、要機(jī)電設(shè)備均為當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)外的大型先進(jìn)設(shè) 備，故障少，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)可靠，可以</p><p>　　連續(xù)幾年的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐表明，安家?guī)X選煤廠生 產(chǎn)的商品煤質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。塊煤淺槽重介質(zhì)刮板分選機(jī)分選精度E≤0.02，末煤重介質(zhì)旋流器分選精度E≤0.03，選煤數(shù)量效率98.21％，噸煤加工費(fèi)8.53元，噸煤介耗1.34kg，噸煤電耗5.43kW·h，噸煤水耗0.08m 。</p><p>　　淮北礦業(yè)集團(tuán)

22、臨渙選煤廠是中國(guó)目前在建的最大的礦區(qū)型煉焦煤選煤廠。一期工程原煤入洗能力為4.50Mt/a，已投人生產(chǎn)；擴(kuò)建工程建設(shè)規(guī)模為原煤入選能力8.00Mt/a。目前，擴(kuò)建工程已進(jìn)入緊張的施工階段，預(yù)計(jì)2007年建成后原煤入洗能力可達(dá)12.50Mt/a。</p><p>　　臨渙選煤廠一期工程的技 術(shù)改造工作2004年完成，人選煤種主要有肥煤、1/3焦煤、焦煤、氣煤、貧瘦煤等。工藝流程為無壓給料三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器分選，煤泥

23、水濃縮浮選，浮選精煤過濾脫水、浮選尾煤沉降離心機(jī)脫水，煤泥水二級(jí)濃縮后煤泥壓濾機(jī)脫水回收。主要產(chǎn)品為：洗精煤Ad=10.50％～11.00％，St,d = 0.52％，供焦化廠；洗末煤Ad≤40％，St,d≤0.5％，供電廠。 主要設(shè)備為Ф1200/ 850無壓三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器，3675直線振動(dòng)篩，VM1400離心脫水機(jī)， FC1200煤泥離心脫水機(jī)，磁選機(jī)，96 m2加壓過濾機(jī)，Ф45m濃縮機(jī)，250 m2快開式壓濾機(jī)等。</

24、p><p>　　臨渙選煤廠擴(kuò)建工程主要入選七個(gè)礦井原煤，采用無壓給料三產(chǎn)品重介質(zhì)旋流器分選，粗精煤采用煤泥重介質(zhì)分選，煤泥采用脫泥浮選， 浮選精煤加壓過濾并干燥脫水，尾煤濃縮壓濾， 煤泥水二次澄清后閉路循環(huán)。主廠房布置為3套完全獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，其他工程布置為2套完全獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng)，可以滿足同時(shí)處理兩種牌號(hào)的原煤。破碎機(jī)、脫介篩、離心機(jī)、濃縮機(jī)等關(guān)鍵設(shè) 備引進(jìn)。精煤產(chǎn)品灰分Ad ≤9.00％～10.50％，Mt ≤8.50

25、％，供新工業(yè)園區(qū)焦化廠；副產(chǎn)品為12.6MJ/kg的低熱值燃料，供新工業(yè)區(qū)電廠。</p><p>　　神東石圪臺(tái)選煤廠是中國(guó)目前規(guī)模最大、工藝最全的模塊化選煤廠，2005年建成投產(chǎn)。設(shè)計(jì)能力12.00Mt/a，其中石圪臺(tái)礦井生產(chǎn)原煤10.00Mt/a，外來煤為2.00Mt/a。全年工作時(shí)間5400h，全廠小時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)處理能力為2222t/h。</p><p>　　石圪臺(tái)選煤廠采用重介質(zhì)選煤工藝

26、，工藝流程為：200～0mm原煤采用13mm干法分級(jí)。+13mm篩上物再經(jīng)脫泥后，進(jìn)入淺槽重介質(zhì)分選機(jī)分選出塊精煤和矸石。塊精煤經(jīng)脫介分級(jí)， 200～50(25)mm級(jí)直接作為塊精煤銷售，或者破碎至50mm以下與–50mm級(jí)離心脫水后的精煤一起作為冼精煤。13～0mm的末原煤經(jīng)濕法脫泥后，13～1.5mm級(jí)進(jìn)入大直徑重介質(zhì)旋流器排矸，1.5～0.15mm級(jí)進(jìn)入螺旋分選機(jī)排矸，兩者的精煤作為混煤產(chǎn)品，矸石排棄。粗煤泥經(jīng)離心脫水、細(xì)煤泥經(jīng)加

27、壓過濾機(jī)脫水后與混煤摻混作為洗混煤。主要產(chǎn)品為：塊精煤，發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar≥23.94MJ/kg；洗末煤，發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar≥23.10MJ/kg；洗混煤，發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar ≥23.10MJ/kg；篩混煤發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar≥21.84MJ/kg；篩塊煤發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar≥2l，84MJ/kg。主要設(shè)備為：SLR―2461單層重型棒條給料篩，SLO4.3×7.3單層香蕉篩，36×36 RB破碎機(jī)，36

28、15;84 KRB破碎機(jī)，36×48 RB 135破碎機(jī)，DANIELS T22054塊煤重介質(zhì)分選槽，HCDM中 l </p><p>　　神東大柳塔選煤廠是中國(guó)最大的跳汰選煤廠，原煤處理能力5000t/h，其中入洗能力2000～2300t/h。選煤工藝簡(jiǎn)單，+13mm塊煤跳汰選，–13mm不選。塊煤產(chǎn)品灰分5％～7％，發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar≥24.57MJ/kg；混煤產(chǎn)品發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar>2

29、3.52MJ/kg。主要設(shè)備引進(jìn)國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備，如35m2 BATAC跳汰機(jī)，120 m2 加壓過濾機(jī)，Φ1200mm離心機(jī)，2460篩分機(jī)等等。跳汰機(jī)I值為0.14～0.15，數(shù)量效率99％，加工費(fèi)用約為重介質(zhì)選煤工藝的86％，全廠勞動(dòng)定員75人。</p><p>　　大柳塔選煤廠最大的特點(diǎn)是自動(dòng)化控制程度高，參控設(shè)備全，系統(tǒng)可靠，生產(chǎn)效率高。新設(shè)計(jì)了智能管理平臺(tái)和點(diǎn)檢管理系統(tǒng)，做到多重保護(hù)和深度控制，每臺(tái)設(shè)備參

30、控，其振動(dòng)、溫度等工況都實(shí)時(shí)反映在點(diǎn)檢管理系統(tǒng)中。高度的自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)、全能復(fù)合工種的人員配備方式和檢修運(yùn)行 一體化的管理模式，減少了選煤廠的勞動(dòng)定員，提高了生產(chǎn)效率。</p><p>　　綜上所述，大型、精確、簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)用的選煤廠設(shè)計(jì)，不僅提高了選煤廠的集約化生產(chǎn)能力， 降低了生產(chǎn)成本，而且縮短了選煤廠建設(shè)工期， 降低了工程造價(jià)。選煤廠的平均建設(shè)工期約l a， 平均建設(shè)投資大約30～60元/t，平均加工費(fèi)l020

31、元/t。這種設(shè)計(jì)不僅適合國(guó)企的需要，而且～ 滿足許多民營(yíng)企業(yè)的需求，進(jìn)而促使大量的民營(yíng)資本投資建設(shè)選煤廠，形成了選煤廠建設(shè)的高潮。</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON PRESENT STATUS OF COALPREPARATION PLANT DESIGN IN CHINA<

32、/p><p>　　Xiao—yang，Zhou Shao—lei</p><p>　　ABSTRACT: China's coal preparation plant design situation is that,we have designed large-scale coal preparation plants for large-scale bases,using larg

33、e-scale coal preparation Equipment; use the exact method of coal preparation, Sorting and Grading equipment and process control, At the same time; process systems of coal preparation, device configuration,and production

34、operations are very simple; new equipments and control, a variety of wear-resistant materials,process arrangement,and plant struc</p><p>　　KEY WORDS: Coal Preparation Plant ; Design ; example .</p>&l

35、t;p>　　For speedy realization of clean coal utilization in recent decade，construction of coal preparation plant in China surges to a new climax.Its special features are reflected in two respects：large quantity of plan

36、ts constructed，advanced technology and equipment employed，and high production eficiency achieved in one side；and the other construction time shortened， investment and production cost remarkably reduced，thence，coal prepa

37、ration plant design and construction in China has reached an interna</p><p>　　1 . Status of coal preparation plant design </p><p>　　Status of coal preparation plant design can be summarized a

38、s being of“l(fā)arge-scale accuracy，simplicity and adoptability”.</p><p>　　“Large-scale”rears to coal preparation base.plant capacity and equipment throughput. </p><p>　　Large-scale coal preparation

39、 bases take shape concurrently with setting up of large coal productive bases.Large steam coal bases include Shendong (Shendong，Zhunger)， Northem Shanxi(Datong，Pingshuo)，Southeastern Shanxi (Yangquan，Jincheng)，Lianghu

40、ai (Huainan，Huaibei， Yongcheng)，Northeastern and Yunguichuan.Large coking coal bases include Central Shanxi (Gujiao.Liliu, Huozhou, Xiangning)，Western Shandong(Zaozhuang，Yanzhou),Central Hebei(Kailuan,Fengfeng,Xingtai)

41、and Northeastern. Speedy develo</p><p>　　More new plants of large (>3Mt/a)and supper-large (>10Mt/a)scale had been designed and constructed.An jialing Coal Preparation Plant is the largest one for ste

42、am coal， having a capacity of 40Mt/a；while Linhuan Coal Preparation P1ant of 12.5Mt/a.the largest one for coking coa1. </p><p>　　Large throughput equipment provides favorable condition for construction o

43、f large-scale plant Follows are the largest equipment successfully employed：7.9m width HM separation bath,Φl500mm two-product HM cyclone，Φl400/1050mm three-product HM cyclone，4m2 moving-sieve jig，6m width air-pulsatio

44、n jig，16m3 flotation machine，Φ6m single flotation cell，Φ4.5m flotation column，36m2 flotation bed，Φlm spiral separator，4.9m width banana and horizontal vibration screen， 50m slant vibratlon screen.120m2 h</p><

45、;p>　　“Accuracy”refers to cleaning method，separation process and process contro1. </p><p>　　Conventional jigging process is gradually replaced by the widely employed HM one due to its accurate separation

46、.Conventional flotation gradually replaced by microbubble floration.Attention has been paid to cleaning of 1～0.25mm coarse slime，its tendency turns to employ gravitation method for reduction of flotation feed and over a

47、ll production cost.In recent decade，no new application example was seen of such low efficient process as coal slime jigging，tabling，spiral drum and hydro-cyclone. </p><p>　　Sharpness of separation and class

48、ification equipment is ever more increased，including HM separator and cyclone；even conventional jigging machine has its separation sharpness improved.More attentions have been paid to improve the efficieny of fine coal s

49、eparation and classification. </p><p>　　ccurate process contro1 turns to be an important link of coal preparation plant design.Centralized control，monl grand automatic regulation are combined together.Not o

50、nly the process equipment but also the valves and pumps are involved in control system；conveying equipment are multi-protected； and thus，the level of plant automation evidently upgraded and labor productivity increase

51、d.</p><p>　　“Simplicity”refers to technical process，equipment arrangement and production operation. </p><p>　　Three-product HM cyclone system are widely used in China in view of its simplicity

52、.Main feature of HM cyclone on unclassified and un-deslimed feed is its simplicity.Dry-cleaning，HM separation of slime and moving-sieve jig have been developed in virtue of their simplicity.</p><p>　　Equip

53、ment of large throughput leads to simple arrangement in plant design.Application of abrasion resistant materials increases service life and reliability of equipment，and standby equipment can be omitted.Coking coal prepa

54、ration plant of capacity below 2Mt/a and that for steam coal，below 4Mt/a，can be realized by single set of equipment，and，thence， process system more simple and operation more easy.</p><p>　　Coal preparation

55、 design in China goes through from simplicity in 1960s to complexity and back to high-quality simplicity at present. </p><p>　　“Adoptability”refers to new equipment，reliable control， abrasion resistant mat

56、erials，concise process and equipment arrangement，and plant structure. </p><p>　　That practical usage，suitability and good for operation are the main evaluation criteria of a plant design has been quietly

57、accepted.At present，plant design and construction are nearly standardized：HM process mostly employed and key equipment largely imported.But for various Chinese coal resources and meeting different market requirement，mo

58、re importance is to “cut the garment according to one’s figure’and“suit measures to local conditions”.In fact.diferent cleaning process has its own appl</p><p>　　Recent plant design in China widely employs

59、 innovate technology originated from achievement of the State Key Projects in“Ninth five-year plan”and“Tenth five-year P1an” or their derivatives.Examples are：threree-product HM cyclone，HM cyclone of large diameter，HM

60、process on unclassitied feed，HM process on un-deslimed feed，separation of supper-clean coal by two-stage HM cyclone，flotation column (bed)，refuse discharge technique in moving-sieve jig，dry-cleaning method，hyperbaric fi

61、lter，high-inclina</p><p>　　HW series of HM cyclone (Φ1400/1050).co-developed and fabricated by Beijing Huayu Eng.Co.and Weihai Haiwang Cyclone Co.,is no more a simple combination of two cyclones , but real

62、ly one cyclone producing three products.Experiments have denoted that flow pattern of heavy medium at second stage is stable and coal layers un-disturbed.1eading to shortening separation time at second stage and incre

63、ase of separation sharp. ness and throughput.Such HM cyclone has been installed at Wangfenggang Co</p><p>　　2. Typical coal preparation plants</p><p>　　Several dozens of new preparation plants

64、 are recently designed and constructed in China.The authors consider typical plants with special features are Anjialing Coal Preparation Plant(CPP)，Linhuan CPP。Shigetal CPP and Daliuta CPP.</p><p>　　Anjial

65、ing CPP 1ocated at Shuozhou City of Shanxi.is the largest modern coal preparation plant in China.Its first stage of construction started in April of 1998 and completed in August of 2000。treating raw coal from Anjialin

66、g Opencut.Original de- signed capacity was 15 Mt/a.but according to State Standard of working hours，5280h/a，its real capacity is up to 24～25Mt/a.Its second stage of construction started in April of and completed in Ju

67、ly of2006.treating raw coal from 1 Pit 0f Anjialing Mi</p><p>　　This plant has two systems。one for exportation by cleaning.the other for domestic sale by refuse discarding.HM separation process employed：hall

68、ow bath with scrapper for treating 150～13mm lump coa1.and cyclone for 13～0.15mm fine coa1.Main products and their quality are：the clean coal (qualified steam coa1)for exportation，ash Ad ≤14％，sulfur St,d≤1％，heat value

69、Qgr,v,ad ≥28.5MJ/kg；the washed coal mix for general domestic sale，Ad ≤35％，St,d ≤1％，Qnet,ar ≥17.8MJ/kg；the mixed coal(qualified mixed coa</p><p>　　Equipment employed in its first stage construction included：

70、W22F54 shallow bath HM scrapper separator.D26B-S200HM cyclone，MMD1050 and MMD625 crusher.BS6’×24’ classification screen，HVS10’×16’de-medium screen. HSG1 100 and H900C centrifuge.D15B-S288 classifying cy clon

71、e，Φ36”×117”magnetic separator. Φ50m thickener.120m hyperbaric filter，5000t/h express loading station.abrasion-resistant sand pump，switch cabinet，outdoor composite transformer station.main control pane1.inspection a

72、nd measurement </p><p>　　Continuous operation of this plant denotes that quality of coal products is stable.Operation performance is：separation sharpness of HM shallow bath E≤0.02：and that of HM cyclone，E≤0

73、.03；coal cleaning efficiency 98.21％；production cost 8.53RMB/t；magnetite consumption 1.34kg/t；power consumption 5.43kW·h/t：and water consumption 0.08m/t. </p><p>　　Linhuan CPP is the largest in China for

74、 coking coa1.Its first stage of construction was put in operation with a capacity of 4.5 Mt/a；enlargement project is undergoing with a capacity of additional 8Mt/a，which is expected to be completed in 2007.and its tota

75、l capacity wi11 then be up to 12.5Mt/a. </p><p>　　Its first stage construction was completed in 2004。coal feed includes fat coal，1/3 coking coal，main coking coal，gas coal，lean and meager coa1.Process and eq

76、uipment include： three-product HM cyclone on un-pressurized feeding. slime flotation after thickening，flotation concentrate filtering。flotation tailing thickening by centrifuge，secondary thickening of washed water follo

77、wed by hyperbaric filtering for sludge recovery.Main coal products are：clean coal for coking plant，Ad=10.50～l1.00％，St,d = 0</p><p>　　Its enlargement project will receive coal feed from seven pits.Technical

78、processes include：HM cycloning 0n un-pressurized feeding，rougher concentrate re-cleaned by s1ime-medium sepamtion，slime notation after thickening，notation concentrate dewatered by hyperbaric lter fouowed by thermal dry

79、ing，thickening of notation tailing fo1lowed by press liltering，slime water after secondary thickening being re-circulated. Arrangement in main building will be three is0lated process systems, while others，t</p>&

80、lt;p>　　Shigetai CPP completed in 2005 is tlle largest modular plant in China，treating raw coal of 12Mt/a，of whjch 10Mt/a being from its pit mine and 2Mt/a，flmm outside sources. Its opeIlation time is 5400h/a，and hou

81、rly capacity is 2222t/h. </p><p>　　HM process is employed.in which 200～0mm raw coal screened at 13mm.Screen oversize +13mm.after de-sliming。treated by shallow HM bath：overflow stream after de-medium screen

82、ed at 50(25)mm；200～50(25)for sales as clean 1ump or crushed down to minus 50mm and combined with the dewatered undersize -50mm as concentrate.Screen un-dersize is de-slimed and the 13～1.5mm fraction is treated by larg

83、e diameter HM cyclone for refilse discard：the 1.5～0.15 mm fraction treated by spiral separator also for refus</p><p>　　Main equipment employed include：SLR-2461 heavy-duty single-deck rod screen feeder.SLO 4.

84、3×7.3 single-deck banana screen，36×36RB crusher，36×84RB crusher，36× 48RB135 crusher.DANIEIS 122054 HM separator for lump coal，HCDMΦ1150mm HM cyclone for fine coa1.SLD3.0×6.1 double-dick banana

85、screen.SL03.0×6.1 single-dick banana screen.SCC-1500 centrifuge for concentrate.triple-head 4-turn-spiral separator.SFC-1200 centrifuge for slime.SLV1.8×3.6 high-frequency screen.Φ35m high-emcient thicken.er，GP

86、J120 hy</p><p>　　Daliuta CCP is the largest jig plant in China with a capaci tv of 5000t/h.within which 2000～2300t/h is for cleaning circuit.Its cleaning circuit is simple：+13mm cleaned by jigging and–13mm

87、not treated.Lump coal contains ash 5％～7％. heat valtie≥24.57MJ/kg.and mixed coal≥23.52MJ/kg.Its main equipment was imported as 35m2 BATAC jig，120m2 hyper-baric filters.Φ1200mm centrifuge，and 2460 screen.Performance attai

88、ned is：separation sharpness of jig，I=0.14～0.15， quantitative eficiency 99％.production cost</p><p>　　Special feature of this plant is its outstanding and reliable automatic control system，in which most equipm

89、ent are involved，leading to high productivity.Intelligent administration platform and spot monitoring system were newly designed，enabling multi-protection and deepening control；vibration and temperature of each equipmen

90、t involved are reflected by the spot monitoring system.By complete automatic control system，dispositi on of personnel with composite talent and integration of maintenance an</p><p>　　To sum up，coal preparati

91、on plant design in accordance with the line of “l(fā)arge-scale，accuracy，simplicity and adoptability”not only increases collective productivity and reduces production cost but also reduces investment and shortens constructi

92、on time.Average construction time of a plant is about one year.investment 30～60 RMB/t.production cost 10～20 RMB/t. Such coal preparation plant design meets the requiIment of both state-own and private enterprise. It pmm