1、<p>　　1400單詞，2100漢字</p><p>　　A MULTICHANNEL ELECTRONICDIGITALTAXIMETERTHAT CAN DEAL WITHMORE THAN ONEPASSENGER SIMULTANEOUSLY</p><p>　　S.S. BEDAIR, The AIR FORCE Of The ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGY

2、PT,</p><p>　　10 Mostafa Reda Street, Mania1 El Rqdah, Cairo, Egypt</p><p><b>　　ABSTRACT</b></p><p>　　In this paper, a multi-channel taximeter that is able to deal more

3、than one with than passenger simultaneously is proposed.</p><p>　　In order to demonstrate theory the of operation a complete of the proposed system, design an for experimental three-channel taximeter (w

4、hose prototype has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific Technological and Research)is presened. System outline, diagrams well as detailed circuit diagrams for the experimental taximeter are al

5、so included.</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Transporting people in the morning from their homes to their works and back in the afternoon has become a big problem in big cities especially in unde

6、veloped countries. As a partial solution of this problem, the authorities in some countries had, unofficially, left the taxicab drivers to carry different passengers to different places at the same time. For example, a t

7、axicab with four seats may carry four different passengers without any relation between them except that their way of travelling i</p><p>　　AN EXPERIMENTAL THREE-CHANNEL TAXIMETER</p><p>　　Theor

8、y of operation of our experimental device to work as an electronic digital taximeter is based on the fact that the speedometer cable rotates one revolution for each meter of travelling distance. Accordingly, if the speed

9、ometer cable is coupled with a speed sensor that generates a single pulse for each meter of travelling distance, then our taxi-meter could be three up counter modules associated with a speed sensor unit. </p><

10、p>　　However, our experimental is not simply a three display readouts. As a matter of fact it contains logic circuits that automatically changes the fare per kilometer of travelling distance of waiting time according t

11、o the number of passengers hiring the taxicab. The device may be splitted into two main parts: The first is the speed sensor unit which may be located anywhere in the taxicab such that an easy coupling to the speedometer

12、 cable can be achieved. The second unit contains the main electroni</p><p>　　Speed Sensor Unit</p><p>　　The main function of this unit is to supply train of pulses whose frequency is proportiona

13、l to the angular rotation of the wheels. A possible form of a speed sensor is shown in Figure 2.</p><p>　　Main Electronic and Display Unit </p><p>　　A suggested shape for the main electronic and

14、 display unit is shown in Figure 3. The control and display panel contains all controls necessary for operating the taximeter as well as four readout displays. The first channel will give the sum of money required fr

15、om the first passenger, while the second and third readouts are for the second and third passengers, respectively. The fourth readout will give the total income of the taxicab.</p><p>　　DESCRIBTION OF THE MA

16、IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT</p><p>　　The general block diagram of the main electronic is shown in Figure 4. It consists of five circuit subcircuits designated by the symbols CT1 up to CT4 as well as the display ci

17、rcuit and a number of supporting circuits, these are: The number of passenger detection CT1 , travelling distance scaling circuit CT2, waiting time scaling circuit CT3, circuit CT4 which generates clock pulses for the d

18、isplay circuit.</p><p>　　A. Number of Passengers Detection Circuit CT1</p><p>　　As shown from the general block diagram, the circuit CT1 has three inputs 1, 2 and 3 as well as three outputs J, K

19、 and L.</p><p>　　B. Tavelling Distance Scaling Circuit CT2</p><p>　　As shown from the block diagram of Figure 4, the circuit CT2 has four input J, K, L and E and one output M. The function of th

20、e circuit is to supply a single pulse at the output M for a certain number of pulses generated at the output of the speed sensor (certain number of meters travelled by the taxicab), according to the number of passengers

21、hiring the car. A suggested fare per kilometer of travelling distance is shown in column two of Table 2. The circuit, in this case, should supply a single</p><p>　　C．Time Scaling Circuit CT3</p><p

22、>　　As shown in the block diagram, the time scaling circuit will have four inputs J, K, L and F and one output N. The function of this circuit and according to column three of Table 2 (fare per 2 minutes of waiting tim

23、e) is to supply a single pulse at the output N for every 120,240 or 360 pulses supplied at the input terminal F from the 1 Hz clock according to level of voltage at inputs J, K and L, respectively. Time scaling circuit w

24、ould be similar to the distance scaling circuit but with different</p><p>　　D. Circuit CT4 Which Generates Clock Pulses for Display Circuit</p><p>　　The function of this circuit is to supply one

25、, two or three pulses at the output terminal R for each pulse generated at any of the terminals N or M, according to the voltage level at the input terminals J, K or L, respectively. </p><p>　　The output P w

26、ill receive a pulse for each pulse generated at any of the input terminals N or M. This function can be performed by the circuit shown in Figure 8.</p><p>　　E. Display Circuit</p><p>　　As shown

27、in Figure 2, the display panel would contain three 4-digit displays that give the sum of money required from each passenger separately as well as a one six-digit display that gives total the income of the taxicab. A poss

28、ible wiring diagram for the display circuit is shown Figure in 9. Rotating any of the rotary selector switches to fully clockwise direction will supply the corresponding display by 5 volts through terminals 1, 2 and

29、3, respectively.</p><p>　　F .Changing Over Between Time and Distance Fares</p><p>　　In the following two part, different methods for changing over between time and distance fares are suggested:

30、The first is to switch to time fare whenever the distance fare is less than the time fare. The second alternation is to connect the input of the inverter in Figure 10 c. to the output terminal Q of the speedometer circui

31、t, Figure 2.</p><p>　　G . Function of the Rotary Selector Switches</p><p>　　The voltage levels that should be supplied by the terminals of the rotary selector switches in order to ensure proper

32、operation by the electronic circuit given are in Table 3. Connection of three rotary selector switches each with four decks of five poles each, that satisfy the logic function of Table 3, is shown in Figure10 a. Rotating

33、 any of the three switches into fully clockwise direction will through pass five positions. The function of the rotary selector switches can be described starting</p><p>　　H. Supporting Circuits and Devices&

34、lt;/p><p>　　It can be easily seen that the main electronic circuit will require some additional standard circuits, such as a 5 volts power supply, with suitable power, 1 KHz and 1 Hz oscillator circuits. A need

35、 for a backup battery in order to store the contents of the total sum latches is inevitable.</p><p>　　CONCLUSION</p><p>　　In this paper, we have introduced a multi-channel taximeter that can be

36、hired for more than one passenger simultaneously.</p><p>　　The proposed taximeter will help in solving the problem of transporting people in big cities especially in undeveloped countries by allowing taxicab

37、 drivers to carry different passengers to different places simultaneously .In order to demonstrate the theory of operation of the proposed system, a complete design for an experimental three-channel taximeter(whose proto

38、type has been built under grant from the Egyptian Academy for Scientific and Technological Research) is presented. </p><p>　　Finally, we should attract the attention to a statistical investigation whose resu

39、lts have shown that some people do not the like idea of sharing taxicabs with other people. Hence, We recommend that only some taxicabs be fitted with the proposed multi-channel taximeter, while leaving the others with t

40、he conventional single-channel one. This would, of course, help in solving the transportation problem as well as to satisfy desire of some people to have a private transportation.</p><p>　　Taxicabs that will

41、 be fitted with the multi-channel taximeter would be in different colors or be designated by a special sign. </p><p>　　<文獻翻譯二：譯文></p><p>　　多通道可同時處理超過一個乘客的數(shù)字電子計價器</p><p><b&

42、gt;　　文摘</b></p><p>　　本文提出了能夠同時處理一個以上的乘客乘車計費功能的多通道計價器。</p><p>　　為了證明理論的完整的操作系統(tǒng)，設(shè)計一個實驗三通道的計程器（在埃及的科學技術(shù)研究院的資助下其原型已經(jīng)建成）被提出了，包括實驗計價器的系統(tǒng)概述，示意圖以及詳細的電路圖。</p><p><b>　　1.介紹</b&

43、gt;</p><p>　　早上把人們從家里送去工作，下午再送回家，已經(jīng)成為一個大問題在大城市，特別是在欠發(fā)達國家。作為一個部分解決這一問題，在一些國家當局非正式地讓出租車司機在同一時間將不同的乘客送到不同的地方。例如，一個四座位出租車可攜帶四個之間沒有任何的關(guān)系的乘客，除了他們的旅行方式是一樣的。</p><p>　　2.三通道的出租車計程器實驗</p><p>

44、　　一個數(shù)字電子計價器實驗裝置的工作原理，是基于里程表線旋轉(zhuǎn)一周為每個表提供旅行的距離。因此，如果里程表線加上一個速度傳感器，旅途過程中每米產(chǎn)生一個脈沖，所以我們的出租車加上一個速度傳感器單元可以成為有三種計算模式。</p><p>　　然而，我們的實驗不是簡單的三個讀數(shù)的顯示。事實上，它包含自動更改每公里票價的邏輯電路，以及根據(jù)乘客人數(shù)雇用出租車行駛距離的等待時間。該設(shè)備可分為2個主要部分：第一是速度傳感器單元

45、可以位于任何地方的出租車，一個簡單的耦合的里程表線可以實現(xiàn)。第二單元包含的主要電子電路，顯示和控制面板。這個單元應位于司機和乘客兩個人的前面。一個可能的組成器件的位置，如圖1所示。</p><p><b>　　速度傳感器單元</b></p><p>　　該單元的主要功能是支持脈沖流的頻率與車輪的角轉(zhuǎn)速成正比。速度傳感器一種可能的形式如圖2所示。</p>

46、<p><b>　　主要的電子顯示裝置</b></p><p>　　主要的電子和顯示單元理想的形狀顯示在圖3?？刂坪惋@示面板，包含了所有操作出租汽車計價器以及四讀出顯示的必要的控制。第一通道將給出第一個乘客所需要的錢，而二和第三的讀數(shù)則分別為二和第三名乘客的金額。第四通道會顯示出租車的總收入。</p><p>　　3.系統(tǒng)的主要電子電路的描述</p&g

47、t;<p>　　圖4所示為總體框圖。它由五個分支電路用符號CT1一直到CT4來表示，顯示電路也是同樣，還有一些輔助電路，它們是：乘客人數(shù)檢測CT1，行駛距離計算電路CT2，等待時間計算電路CT3，電路ct4產(chǎn)生時鐘脈沖給顯示模塊的電路。</p><p>　　乘客人數(shù)檢測電路CT1</p><p>　　如圖所示的總線框圖，CT1電路系統(tǒng)有三個輸入1，2和3以及三個輸出J，K和L

48、。</p><p>　　行駛距離測算電路CT2</p><p>　　如圖4所示的線框圖，電路CT2有四個輸入J、K、L 和E以及一個輸出M。這個電路的功能是在速度傳感器(計程車行駛了多少路程)輸出產(chǎn)生一定數(shù)量的脈沖時在輸出端M處提供一種單脈沖,根據(jù)出租車內(nèi)乘客的數(shù)量。標準的每公里行駛價格顯示在表2的第二列。在這種情況下, 根據(jù)輸入電壓水平的分別終止J、K和L，在輸入終端E每100、125或

49、143個脈沖時，電路應該在輸出端M提供一個單一的脈沖。</p><p><b>　　時間計算電路CT3</b></p><p>　　如圖框圖,時間計算線路會有四個輸入J、K、L和F和一個輸出N。該電路的功能, 分別根據(jù)J、K和L的輸入電壓水平，輸入端F在1赫茲時鐘下在每120、240或360個脈沖后，根據(jù)表2的第三列(每2分鐘的等待時間產(chǎn)生費用)在輸出端N提供一個單脈

50、沖。時間計算電路與距離計算電路相似，但是用的是不同的分頻率。圖7顯示的是一個可行的電路線框圖。</p><p>　　顯示電路時鐘脈沖產(chǎn)生電路CT4</p><p>　　這個電路的功能是分別根據(jù)輸入端J、K和L電壓電平，給每個N或是M產(chǎn)生的脈沖在輸出終端的R提供一個、兩個或三個脈沖。每個在輸入端N或是M產(chǎn)生的脈沖輸出P都會收到一個脈沖。這個功能可以由圖8電路完成。</p>&l

51、t;p><b>　　顯示電路</b></p><p>　　如圖2所示，顯示屏會用三個4位數(shù)來顯示每位旅客單獨的總金額以及一個6位數(shù)來顯示出計程車的總收入。一個可行的顯示電路布線圖如圖9所示。旋轉(zhuǎn)任何扶輪選擇開關(guān)完全按順時針方向?qū)⑻峁┫鄳娘@示終端5伏特通過第1、2和3,分別。</p><p>　　時間和距離之間的票價變換</p><p>

52、　　在接下來的兩個部分,闡述的是對時間和距離票價變換不同方法：第一, 當距離的費用比時間費的用少的時候，切換到時間費用。第二個方法是將轉(zhuǎn)化器的輸入端如圖10連接到測速儀的輸出端電路Q，如圖2。</p><p><b>　　功能的旋轉(zhuǎn)選擇開關(guān)</b></p><p>　　電壓的高低應該由旋轉(zhuǎn)選擇開關(guān)的終端應提供，為了確保電子電路正常運行如表3所示。三個旋轉(zhuǎn)選擇開關(guān)的連接

53、每個都有四層五檔，符合表3所示的邏輯功能，如圖10a所示。旋轉(zhuǎn)三個開關(guān)里面的任何一個到完全順時針方向?qū)⑼ㄟ^五個位置。功能的旋轉(zhuǎn)選擇開關(guān)可以描述為從第一的位置開始，通過各種步驟直到到達最終位置。</p><p><b>　　電路和設(shè)備支持</b></p><p>　　容易看出主要電子電路需要一些額外的標準電路，如5伏特電源,與之相適應的能力,1千赫和1赫茲振蕩電路。需要

54、一個備用電池以存儲內(nèi)容的總和的鎖存器是不可避免的。</p><p><b>　　4.結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　在本文中，我們已經(jīng)介紹了一個多路計價器，可以被好幾個乘客同時租用。</p><p>　　該計價器將有助于解決大城市尤其在不發(fā)達國家允許出租車司機進行不同的乘客不同地點同時進行的運輸問題。為了驗證理論的運作提出的系統(tǒng)，本文介紹了一

55、個完整的設(shè)計一個實驗三計程器（其原型已在埃及科學和技術(shù)研究學院建成）。</p><p>　　最后，我們應注意到統(tǒng)計調(diào)查的結(jié)果表明，一些人不喜歡與其他人一起乘坐出租車的想法。因此，我們建議，只有一部分出租車安裝多信道計價器，同時留下其他安裝傳統(tǒng)的單信道計價器的出租車。這，當然，幫助解決交通問題以及滿足一些人想單獨乘坐出租車的愿望。</p><p>　　裝有多道計價器的出租車，將會有不同的顏色