1、<p><b>　　翻譯部分</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　The present and future development of belt conveyer</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><

2、p>　　This paper analyzes the present and future development of domestic and overseas about belt conveyer，especially，heavy belt conveyer（include trend analysis of the belt conveyer and monitoring technology），equipment f

3、unction，reliability and life，expounds the developing trend of belt conveyer.</p><p>　　Key words：belt conveyer； present； future development</p><p>　　1 Belt conveyor technology, the status quo abr

4、oad </p><p>　　Conveyor technology abroad soon, and its mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, the function of conveyor diversification, expansion of the scope of application, such as high angle c

5、onveyor, tube conveyor, space models such as turning conveyor; conveyor itself on the other hand, the technology and equipment has been tremendous development, especially long-distance, large capacity, high-speed large-s

6、cale conveyor belt has been become the main direction of development, the core technolo</p><p>　　(1) Large-scale equipment. The main technical parameters and equipment toward the large-scale development to m

7、eet the annual production capacity of 300 to more than 5,000,000 t of intensive high-yield production of high-performance needs. </p><p>　　(2) The application of dynamic analysis techniques, and mechanical a

8、nd electrical integration, computer monitoring Control, such as high-tech, using high-power soft-start and auto-tensioning technology, dynamic conveyor monitoring and control, greatly reduced the dynamic tension of the c

9、onveyor belt, equipment performance, and high transport efficiency. </p><p>　　(3) The use of multi-machine-driven and power-driven and middle-balance to the operation of conveyor technology changes, so that

10、run the length of a single conveyor has unlimited in theory, and to ensure that the common carrier system equipment, and interchangeability and reliability-driven unit. </p><p>　　(4) New, high reliability, t

11、he key technology components. Such as the CST, including include a variety of advanced high-power-driven devices and speed control devices, high-life high-speed roller, roller-type by itself devices with high-performance

12、 storage devices, the rapid shift from the tail and so on. FSW production such as the United Kingdom FSW1200 / (2 ~ 3) × 400 (600) face conveyor trough the introduction of a liquid or viscous differential frequency

13、converter, transport capacity of 3 00</p><p>　　Tab.1 The main technical parameters of belt conveyer in overseas</p><p>　　2 Domestic conveyor technology, the status quo </p><p>　　Chi

14、na's production of varieties of belt conveyor, type more. In the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, through the national one-stop "Nissan 10,000 tons fully mechanized mining equipment" project, the s

15、kill level of conveyor greatly improved coal mine with high-power, long-distance belt conveyor The key technology research and new product development have made great progress. Such as the long-distance belt conveyor inc

16、lination complete sets of equipment, high-yield high-performance scalable face co</p><p>　　Tab.2 The main technical parameters of belt conveyer in China</p><p>　　3 Conveyor technology gap betwee

17、n domestic and foreign </p><p>　　Large belt conveyor 3.1 key core technology gap</p><p>　　(1) Belt conveyor Dynamic Analysis and long-distance monitoring technology, the key to high-power convey

18、or technology is a dynamic design and monitoring, it is the constraints of large-scale conveyor core technology development. China's use of rigid conveyor theory analysis and to develop calculation methods and design

19、 specifications, design of a conveyor belt using a high safety factor (usually taken around n = 10), a difference of distance with the actual situation. Conveyor belt is in fact vi</p><p>　　(2) A reliable co

20、ntrolled soft-start power technology and mass balance of long-distance belt conveyor technology because of their large capacity, long distance and multi-machine-driven, soft-start approach must be used to reduce the dyna

21、mic tension of the conveyor, in particular, is a multi - when the motor drive. In order to reduce the impact on power grids, soft-start time should have a slow start; also start acceleration conveyor control 0.3 ~ 0.1 m/

22、s2, solution with carrying belt and the bel</p><p>　?。?）Technical performance gap</p><p>　　The main properties of our belt conveyor and parameters have been unable to meet the needs of high yiel

23、d and efficiency of mine, especially the retractable conveyor trough the key components and functions such as shifting from the tail, and the tension with high-performance storage devices, etc. have a big gap with foreig

24、n countries. </p><p>　　1) Face of China's installed power retractable conveyor trough the largest installed capacity of power 4 × 250 kW, up to foreign products 4 × 970 kW, installed power belt

25、 conveyor made about foreign products 30% ~ 40%, fixed conveyor greater difference between the installed power. </p><p>　　2)Transport capacity of China's largest capacity for belt conveyor 3000 t / h, re

26、ached abroad 5500 t / h. </p><p>　　3) The maximum width of our belt conveyor for the conveyor belt 1400mm, the largest overseas for 1830 mm. </p><p>　　4) With speed due to speed restrictions ent

27、rusted roller, conveyor belt speed for my 4 m / s, abroad for the 5 m / s and above. </p><p>　　5) Transport trough the length of face for China's 3000 m, abroad for the 7300 m. </p><p>　　6)

28、Since the move the tail with the high yield and efficiency of the emerging face, require scalable conveyor trough the tail with the face of rapid development and quickly moved since. Shift from domestic to rely largely o

29、n imports of the tail, there are two kinds: (a) reproduced with the movement of aircraft from the United Kingdom with company LONGWALL shift production from the tail device. (B) produced in Germany since DBT transfer tai

30、l device. There is only one fuel tank to promote the form</p><p>　　7) With high-performance storage devices and the tension with China's adoption of a closed reservoir structure and the main winch tensio

31、n, tension easily derailed car, conveyor belt deviation easy, flexible conveyor belt, the idler is not self-shift car, to be artificial over, overhaul trouble. The use of the structure of foreign advanced open storage wi

32、th high-precision devices and big torque, big trip automatically tensioning equipment, roller conveyor trolley with extendable automatically in </p><p>　　8) Conveyor type varieties less varieties, single fun

33、ction, the use of limited scope and can not give full play to their effectiveness, such as the expansion of transport, and transport materials or features such as two-way transport, so a multi-purpose machine; In additio

34、n, China's coal mines different geological conditions, in the arrangement of the transport system often involve some special requirements, such as bending, Large angle (> +25 °) until the vertical lifting and

35、 so on, should be t</p><p>　　（3）reliability, life expectancy gap </p><p>　　1) Conveyor belt tensile strength of the whole fabric of our core production of flame-retardant conveyor belt up to 250

36、0 N / mm, abroad for the 3150 N / mm. Steel cord conveyor belt flame retardant up to 4 000 N / mm, abroad for the 7000 N / mm.</p><p>　　2) Conveyor belt conveyor belt joint strength of our joint strength for

37、 mastering 50% ~ 65%, foreign master of the 70% ~ 75%. </p><p>　　3) Life idler rollers our existing technology and foreign compared to a shorter life-span, low speed, resistance, and the United States, such

38、as the use of a new type of oiling rollers, the running resistance of small, thin oil bearing lubrication, greatly enhance the life of the rollers, and used as a high-speed conveyor idler, the use of a wide range of sign

39、ificant economic benefits. China conveyor idler life of 20,000 h, life abroad roller 5 to 90,000 h, roller made products abroad, Life is o</p><p>　　4) Conveyor Reducer my life 20,000 h, reducer life abroad f

40、or the 70,000 h. </p><p>　　5) Running from top to bottom conveyor poor reliability. </p><p>　　(4) The gap control system </p><p>　　1) China's drive for variable speed hydraulic

41、coupling and the hard surface reducer, drive foreign variety, such as the BOSS system, CST and other controllable drive system, the higher the control accuracy. </p><p>　　2) Monitoring devices have been adop

42、ted abroad conveyor PLC high-end PLC, the development of advanced software and integrated power control technology and data relay believed, processing, storage, transmission, fault diagnosis and automatic queries, such a

43、s a complete monitoring system . China conveyor only a mid-range programmable logic controller to control the conveyor start-up, normal operation, the process of parking and so on. Although Kai and controlled (system) de

44、vice used to control Kai</p><p>　　3) Conveyor belt conveyor protection device abroad in addition to the installation of a conveyor belt to prevent deviation, slippery, tearing, cross over to plug, automatic

45、sprinkler protection devices, such as dust, in recent years developed a number of new monitoring devices: drive rollers, variable roller to the drum group and the temperature monitoring system; smoke alarm and automatic

46、fire extinguishing equipment; tear fibros it is and joints vertical conveyor belt monitoring system; proof </p><p>　　4 Coal technology development trend of belt conveyor</p><p>　　(1) Large-scale

47、 equipment and increase transport capacity in order to meet the high yield and efficiency of intensive production, conveyor to increase the transmission capacity. Long-distance, high belt speed, large capacity, high powe

48、r is the inevitable trend of future development as well as high yield and efficiency of mine the direction of development of transport technology. 10a in the future to increase throughput in the 3000 ~ 4000t / h, with sp

49、eed up to 4 ~ 6 m / s, the length of the conv</p><p>　　(2)Components to enhance performance and reliability of equipment開機率high and low components depends primarily on the performance and reliability. In add

50、ition to further improve and enhance the existing components of the performance and reliability, but also continue to research and development of new technologies and components, such as controlled high-performance soft-

51、start technology, dynamic analysis and control technology, with high-performance storage devices, rapid self - tail shift, high-</p><p>　　(3)Expanded features, a machine to expand the use of transport, and t

52、ransport material or a two-way transport and other functions, a machine to do more to make it the most economical. The development of special-type conveyor, such as the curved belt conveyor, the inclination or vertical c

53、onveyor, such as upgrading.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　大型刮板輸送機的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　分析了國內外大型刮板輸送機的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展差距，特別是大型大型刮板輸送機的核心技術（包括

54、大型刮板輸送機動態(tài)分析與監(jiān)測技術、可控軟起動技術與功率均衡技術）、設備性能及其可靠性、壽命等，論述了大型刮板輸送機技術的發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p>　　關鍵詞:大型刮板輸送機；現(xiàn)狀；發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　1國外大型刮板輸送機技術的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　國外大型刮板輸送機技術的發(fā)展很快，其主要表現(xiàn)在2個方面:一方面是大型刮板輸送機的功能多元化、應用范圍擴大

55、化，如高傾角大型刮板輸送機、管狀大型刮板輸送機、空間轉彎大型刮板輸送機等各種機型；另一方面是大型刮板輸送機本身的技術與裝備有了巨大的發(fā)展，尤其是長距離、大運量、高帶速等大型大型刮板輸送機已成為發(fā)展的主要方向，其核心技術是開發(fā)應用了大型刮板輸送機動態(tài)分析與監(jiān)控技術，提高了大型刮板輸送機的運行性能和可靠性。目前，在煤礦井下使用的大型刮板輸送機已達到表1所示的主要技術指標，其關鍵技術與裝備有以下幾個特點:</p><p&g

56、t;　?。?）設備大型化。其主要技術參數(shù)與裝備均向著大型化發(fā)展，以滿足年產300～500萬t以上高產高效集約化生產的需要。</p><p>　?。?）應用動態(tài)分析技術和機電一體化、計算機監(jiān)控等高新技術，采用大功率軟起動與自動張緊技術，對輸送機進行動態(tài)監(jiān)測與監(jiān)控，大大地降低了輸送帶的動張力，設備運行性能好，運輸效率高。</p><p>　?。?）采用多機驅動與中間驅動及其功率平衡、輸送機變向

57、運行等技術，使輸送機單機運行長度在理論上已不受限制，并確保了輸送系統(tǒng)設備的通用性、互換性及其單元驅動的可靠性。</p><p>　?。?）新型、高可靠性關鍵元部件技術。如包含CST等在內的各種先進的大功率驅動裝置與調速裝置、高壽命高速托輥、自清式滾筒裝置、高效貯帶裝置、快速自移機尾等。如英國FSW生產的FSW1200/（2～3）×400（600）工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機就采用了液粘差速或變頻調速裝置，運

58、輸能力達3000 t/h以上，它的機尾與新型轉載機（如美國久益公司生產的S500E）配套，可隨工作面推移而自動快速自移、人工作業(yè)少、生產效率高。</p><p>　　表1 國外大型刮板輸送機的主要技術指標</p><p>　　2國內大型刮板輸送機技術的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　我國生產制造的大型刮板輸送機的品種、類型較多。在“八五”期間，通過國家一條龍“日產萬噸綜采

59、設備”項目的實施，大型刮板輸送機的技術水平有了很大提高，煤礦井下用大功率、長距離大型刮板輸送機的關鍵技術研究和新產品開發(fā)都取得了很大的進步。如大傾角長距離大型刮板輸送機成套設備、高產高效工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機等均填補了國內空白，并對大型刮板輸送機的關鍵技術及其主要元部件進行了理論研究和產品開發(fā)，研制成功了多種軟起動和制動裝置以及以PLC為核心的可編程電控裝置，驅動系統(tǒng)采用調速型液力偶合器和行星齒輪減速器。目前，我國煤礦井下用大型刮板輸

60、送機的主要技術特征指標如表2所示。</p><p>　　表2 國外大型刮板輸送機的主要技術指標</p><p>　　3國內外大型刮板輸送機技術的差距</p><p>　　3.1大型大型刮板輸送機的關鍵核心技術上的差距</p><p>　?。?）大型刮板輸送機動態(tài)分析與監(jiān)測技術　長距離、大功率大型刮板輸送機的技術關鍵是動態(tài)設計與監(jiān)測，它是制約大

61、型大型刮板輸送機發(fā)展的核心技術。目前我國用剛性理論來分析研究大型刮板輸送機并制訂計算方法和設計規(guī)范，設計中對輸送帶使用了很高的安全系數(shù)（一般取n=10左右），與實際情況相差較遠。實際上輸送帶是粘彈性體，長距離大型刮板輸送機其輸送帶對驅動裝置的起、制動力的動態(tài)響應是一個非常復雜的過程，而不能簡單地用剛體力學來解釋和計算。已開發(fā)了大型刮板輸送機動態(tài)設計方法和應用軟件，在大型輸送機上對輸送機的動張力進行動態(tài)分析與動態(tài)監(jiān)測，降低輸送帶的安全系數(shù)

62、，大大延長使用壽命，確保了輸送機運行的可靠性，從而使大型大型刮板輸送機的設計達到了最高水平（輸送帶安全系數(shù)n=5～6），并使輸送機的設備成本尤其是輸送帶成本大為降低。</p><p>　　（2）可靠的可控軟起動技術與功率均衡技術　長距離大運量大型刮板輸送機由于功率大、距離長且多機驅動，必須采用軟起動方式來降低輸送機的動張力，特別是多電機驅動時。為了減少對電網的沖擊，軟起動時應有分時慢速起動；還要控制輸送機起動加速

63、度0.3～0.1 m/s2，解決承載帶與驅動帶的帶速同步問題及輸送帶涌浪現(xiàn)象，減少對元部件的沖擊。由于制造誤差及電機特性誤差，各驅動點的功率會出現(xiàn)不均衡，一旦某個電機功率過大將會引起燒電機事故，因此，各電機之間的功率平衡應加以控制，并提高平衡精度。國內已大量應用調速型液力偶合器來實現(xiàn)輸送機的軟起動與功率平衡，解決了長距離大型刮板輸送機的起動與功率平衡及同步性問題。但其調節(jié)精度及可靠性與國外相比還有一定差距。此外，長距離大功率大型刮板輸送

64、機除了要求一個運煤帶速外，還需要一個驗帶的帶速，調速型液力偶合器雖然實現(xiàn)軟啟動與功率平衡，但還需研制適合長距離的無級液力調速裝置。當單機功率>500 kW時，可控CST軟起動顯示出優(yōu)越性。由于可控軟起動是將行星齒輪減速器的內齒圈與濕式摩擦離合器組合而成（即粘性傳動）。通過比例閥及控制系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)軟起動與功率平衡，其調節(jié)精度可達98%</p><p>　　3.2技術性能上差距</p><p&

65、gt;　　我國大型刮板輸送機的主要性能與參數(shù)已不能滿足高產高效礦井的需要，尤其是順槽大型刮板輸送機的關鍵元部件及其功能如自移機尾、高效儲帶與張緊裝置等與國外有著很大差距。</p><p>　?。?）裝機功率　我國工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機最大裝機功率為4×250 kW，國外產品可達4×970 kW，國產大型刮板輸送機的裝機功率約為國外產品的30%～40%，固定大型刮板輸送機的裝機功率相差更大。&

66、lt;/p><p>　?。?）運輸能力　我國大型刮板輸送機最大運量為3000 t/h，國外已達5500 t/h。</p><p>　?。?）最大輸送帶寬度　我國大型刮板輸送機為1400mm，國外最大為1830 mm。</p><p>　?。?）帶速由于受托輥轉速的限制，我國大型刮板輸送機帶速為4 m/s，國外為5 m/s以上。</p><p>　

67、?。?）工作面順槽運輸長度我國為3000m，國外為7300m。</p><p>　　（6）自移機尾　隨著高產高效工作面的不斷出現(xiàn)，要求順槽大型刮板輸送機機尾隨著工作面的快速推進而快速自移。國內自移機尾主要依賴進口，主要有2種:（a）隨轉載機一起移動的由英國LONGWALL公司生產的自移機尾裝置。（b）德國DBT公司生產的自移機尾裝置。前者只有一個推進油缸，后者則有2個推進油缸。LONGWALL公司生產的自移機尾用

68、于在國內帶寬1.2 m的輸送機上，缺點是自移機尾輸送帶的跑偏量太小，糾偏能力弱，剛性差。德國生產的自移機尾在國內使用效果優(yōu)于前者，水平、垂直2個方向均有調偏油缸，糾偏能力強。因此，前者還需完善，后者則需研制。但對自移機尾的要求是共同的，既要滿足輸送機正常工作時防滑的要求，又要滿足在輸送機不停機的情況下實現(xiàn)快速自移。</p><p>　?。?）高效儲帶與張緊裝置　我國采用封閉式儲帶結構和絞車張緊為主，張緊小車易脫軌

69、，輸送帶易跑偏，輸送帶伸縮時，托輥小車不自移，需人工推移，檢修麻煩。國外采用結構先進的開放式儲帶裝置和高精度的大扭矩、大行程自動張緊設備，托輥小車能自動隨輸送帶伸縮到位。輸送帶不易跑偏，不會出現(xiàn)脫軌現(xiàn)象。</p><p>　?。?）輸送機品種　機型品種少，功能單一，使用范圍受限，不能充分發(fā)揮其效能，如拓展運人、運料或雙向運輸?shù)裙δ埽龅揭粰C多用；另外，我國煤礦的地質條件差異很大，在運輸系統(tǒng)的布置上經常會出現(xiàn)一些特

70、殊要求，如彎曲、大傾角（>+25°）直至垂直提升等，應開發(fā)特殊型專用機種大型刮板輸送機。</p><p>　　3.3可靠性、壽命上的差距</p><p>　?。?）輸送帶抗拉強度　我國生產的織物整芯阻燃輸送帶最高為2500 N/mm，國外為3150 N/mm。鋼絲繩芯阻燃輸送帶最高為4 000 N/mm，國外為7000 N/mm。</p><p>　

71、　（2）輸送帶接頭強度　我國輸送帶接頭強度為母帶的50%～65%，國外達母帶的70%～75%。</p><p>　　（3）托輥壽命　我國現(xiàn)有的托輥技術與國外比較，壽命短、速度低、阻力大，而美國等使用的新型注油托輥，其運行阻力小，軸承采用稀油潤滑，大大地提高了托輥的使用壽命，并可作為高速托輥應用于大型刮板輸送機上，使用面廣，經濟效益顯著。我國輸送機托輥壽命為2萬h，國外托輥壽命5～9萬h，國產托輥壽命僅為國外產品的

72、30%～40%。</p><p>　?。?）輸送機減速器壽命　我國輸送機減速器壽命2萬h，國外減速器壽命為7萬h。</p><p>　　（5）大型刮板輸送機上下運行時可靠性差。</p><p>　　3.4控制系統(tǒng)上差距</p><p>　?。?）驅動方式　我國為調速型液力偶合器和硬齒面減速器，國外傳動方式多樣，如BOSS系統(tǒng)、CST可控傳動系

73、統(tǒng)等，控制精度較高。</p><p>　　（2）監(jiān)控裝置　國外輸送機已采用高檔可編程序控制器PLC，開發(fā)了先進的程序軟件與綜合電源繼電器控制技術以及數(shù)據采信、處理、存儲、傳輸、故障診斷與查詢等完整自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。我國輸送機僅采用了中檔可編程序控制器來控制輸送機的啟動、正常運行、停機等工作過程。雖然能與可控啟（制）動裝置配合使用，達到可控啟（制）動、帶速同步、功率平衡等功能，但沒有自動臨近裝置，沒有故障診斷與查詢等。

74、</p><p>　　（3）輸送機保護裝置　國外大型刮板輸送機除安裝防止輸送帶跑偏、打滑、撕裂、過滿堵塞、自動灑水降塵等保護裝置外，近年又開發(fā)了很多新型監(jiān)測裝置:傳動滾筒、變向滾筒及托輥組的溫度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)；煙霧報警及自動消防滅火裝置；纖維織輸送帶縱向撕裂及接頭監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)；防爆電子輸送帶秤自動計量系統(tǒng)。這些新型保護系統(tǒng)我國基本處于空白。而我國現(xiàn)有的打滑、堆煤、溜煤眼滿倉保護，防跑偏、超溫灑水，煙霧報警裝置的可靠性、靈敏

75、性、壽命都較低。</p><p>　　4煤礦大型刮板輸送機技術的發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　?。?）設備大型化、提高運輸能力為了適應高產高效集約化生產的需要，大型刮板輸送機的輸送能力要加大。長距離、高帶速、大運量、大功率是今后發(fā)展的必然趨勢，也是高產高效礦井運輸技術的發(fā)展方向。在今后的10a內輸送量要提高到3000～4000t/h，帶速提高至4～6 m/s，輸送長度對于大型刮板輸送機要達到

76、3000 m。對于鋼繩芯強力大型刮板輸送機需加長至5000 m以上，單機驅動功率要達到1 000～1500 kW，輸送帶抗拉強度達到6000 N/mm（鋼繩芯）和2500 N/mm（整芯）。尤其是煤礦井下順槽輸送技術的發(fā)展，隨著高產高效工作面的出現(xiàn)及煤炭科技的不斷發(fā)展，原有的大型刮板輸送機，無論是主參數(shù)，還是運行性能都難以適應高產高效工作面的要求，煤礦現(xiàn)場急需主參數(shù)更大、技術更先進、性能更可靠的長距離、大運量、大功率順槽大型刮板輸送機，

77、以提升我國大型刮板輸送機技術的設計水平，填補國內空白，接近并趕上國際先進工業(yè)國的技術水平。其包含7個方面的關鍵技術:（1）大型刮板輸送機動態(tài)分析與監(jiān)控技術； （2）軟起動與功率平衡技術；（3）中間驅動技術；（4）自動張緊技術；（5）新型高壽命高速托輥技術；（6）</p><p>　?。?）提高元部件性能和可靠性設備開機率的高與低主要取決于元部件的性能和可靠性。除了進一步完善和提高現(xiàn)有元部件的性能和可靠性，還要不斷