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1、外文題目：CantheGrameenexperiencewkinAfrica？出處：AfricanBusinessApr2007Issue330p74752p2ColPhotographs作者：FdNeil原文：CantheGrameenexperiencewkinAfrica？CanAfricalearnfromtherevolutionarymicrofinancesolutionspioneeredbytheGrameenBank

2、experienceinBangladeshThebanksfounderthebankitselfwereawardedthe2006NobelPeacePrize.NeilFddiscussesthephilosophybehindthesystem.Thedecisiontoawardthe2006NobelPeacePrizetoMuhammadYunustheGrameenBankinBangladeshhasunderlin

3、edthepotentialofmicrofinanceindevelopingcountries.MicrofinancebankshavebeensetupinmostAfricancountriesoverthepastdecadebutthesheerscaleoftheGrameenoperationsisstaggering.Providingindividualsverysmallbusinesseswithaccesst

4、owhatareoftenverysmallsumsofmoneymayseemlikeamarginalcontributiontoeconomicgrowthbutitcanwidenanationseconomicbasepromotethekindofgrowththatleadstorealincreasesinlivingstards.Alltoooftenjumboinfrastructuralprojectsaresti

5、llptrayedasthekeytoeconomicdevelopment.Giantdamschemeslargethermalpowerplantsnewptdevelopmentsallhavetheirplaceinthegrschemeofthingsbuttheyareoflittleusewithoutavastwkofwaterpipelinestransmissionlinesroadraillinkstotrans

6、ptgoodstofromthept.Inthesamewaytheconstructionofanewaluminiumplantopeningofanewcopperminecanmakeacontributiontoeconomicgrowthbuteverystrongwellbalancedeconomyisbaseduponthoussofverysmallbusinessesthatfmtheunderbellyofana

7、tionssocialeconomiclife.GrameenBankhasnowprovidedcredittoover7mpeople97%ofthemwomen.Mostloansareverysmallrarelyexceed$100.InBangladeshthebankusuallyoperatesinlocaltemplesvillagehalls.Loansareoftenusedtoimproveirrigationt

8、obuynewtoolstoimproveefficiency.Yunussaidthathedevelopedhismicrofinancesystemtoturna“viciouscircleoflowincomelowsavinglowinvestment“into“avirtuouscircleoflowincomeinjectionofcreditinvestmentmeincomemesavingsmeinvestmentm

9、eincome“.Thebankitselfismainlyownedbyitscustomersalthoughthegovernmenthastakena10%stake.Yunussays:“Youhavetohavethosefinancialfacilitiescomingtothembecauseitistotallyunfairtodenyhalfthepopulationofthewldfinancialservices

10、.“ThechairmanoftheNobelcommitteeOleDanboltMjoessaidthatYunusGrameenBankhadbeenchosenbecauseof“theirefftstocreateeconomicsocialdevelopmentfrombelow.Developmentsuchasthisisusefulinhumanrightsdemocracy.“AspartoftheNobelPriz

11、eYunuswasawarded10mSwedishkrona($1.35m)whichwillbeusedtofindnewwaysofhelpingpopeoplesetuptheirownbusinesses.Heresponded:“Imveryveryhappy.ItsagreathonourfusfBangladesh.Itsarecognitionofourwk.AsaBangladeshiImproudthatwehav

12、egivensomethingtothewld.Ourwkhasnowbeenrecognisedbythewholewld.Itsrecognitionofourmovementtoensuretherightsofthepo.Withthisrecognitionweexpectthatthemodelwehavedevelopedwillspreadacrossthewld.“PHOTO(COL):AdelightedMuhamm

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