1、名詞性從句,NOUN CLAUSES,在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。,名詞性從句,,主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句,1.You know that I am a teacher of English.2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all .3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of Eng

2、lish.4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all.5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.,that I am a

3、teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,Subject Clause,,Subject Clause,,Predicative Clause,Appositive Clause,that I am a tea

4、cher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,,Subject Clause,What I am worried about,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。,The problem is what h

5、e has done to the little boy.,問題是他對(duì)那個(gè)小男孩做了些什么。,1. 主語從句,在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。,主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。,that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充

6、當(dāng)成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole a bike was true.,有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從

7、句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：,1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句 It is still a question whether she will come or not.2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 It is strange that you should like it.,3）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句 It

8、 seems that he is quite honest.同類結(jié)構(gòu)：It seems / appears that… 好象；似乎It turned out that…結(jié)果是It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都沒關(guān)系It makes no difference whether…是否…毫無區(qū)別,4）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句 It is known to us how

9、he became a writer.同類結(jié)構(gòu)：It has been found that… 已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)It has been proved that … 已經(jīng)證明It is well known that …. 眾所周知It is said / reported that… 據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道It must be pointed that…. 必須指出,注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)

10、，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary that sb. ( should ) doIt’s important that …It’s natural / strange that … It’s possible / impossible that…It is important that everyone should study English well.,單個(gè)的

11、主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,2. 賓語從句,在從句中作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)

12、詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞 或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。,（及物）,1.)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。,He has told me (that ) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. He said (that) he was very tir

13、ed, and that he wanted to go to sleep.,注意:在demand, require, request, ask, insist, desire, order, command， suggest, advise, propose, recommend, hold ,maintain等表示要求、命令、建議、主張等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。,I insist tha

14、t she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.,,但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講,recommend作“推薦”講，則其后的賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語氣。,The smile on his face suggested that he had pas

15、sed the examination.He insisted that he had seen me before.,I want to know what he has told you.,She always thinks of how she can work well.,She will give whoever needs help a warm support.,,2) 以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,3)用whether或

16、if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中1.有or not時(shí)2.作介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether連接。3.還有連詞加不定式時(shí)whether to do.其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether.,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I don’t care about whether you

17、have money or not.,介詞后的賓語從句一般要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。,4)賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語動(dòng)詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)；,I know that he studies English every day.,I know (that) he will

18、study English next year.,We all know that he has studied English since 1998.,I know that he studied English last term.,如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用了一般過去時(shí)，則從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；,We believed that he had earned enough mon

19、ey to build a house.,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．,,當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.,5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine

20、) 時(shí)，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。,We don’t believe that he will win the game.,,I don’t think he will do so.,6) 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞是think , regard, consider, find, believe, make, see, take) 時(shí)，后接復(fù)合賓語,而復(fù)合賓語中的賓語為從句,則用i

21、t做形式賓語,把賓語從句置于后面.We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.He always takes it for granted that he can pass the exam without hard work.The school makes it a rule that students should wear school

22、uniforms every day.,doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。,連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等

23、。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,3. 表語從句,在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。,引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：

24、 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,That’s just what I want.,This is where our problem lies.,That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,This is because he mi

25、ssed the train by one minute. This / That / It is because….,需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語是reason 時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,4. 同位語從句,同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。,同位

26、語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, promise, conclusion, information, fact, hope, truth, reason, thought, belief 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。,

27、I have no idea when she will be back.,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：,that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea that this book gives y

28、ou of life in ancient Greece？,(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略）,(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）,(,),分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的要點(diǎn)有以下六個(gè)方面:,1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題,高考題例示：,例1. The photographs will show you ____．（MET1989） A.what does our village look like

29、 B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,,例2. Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see ___________ . (NMET2000)A. who is he B. who h

30、e is C. who is it D. who it is,,例3. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? (NMET1990)where Alice had put B. where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D. where has Alice put,,例4. He asked _______

31、_ for the violin. (NMET1991)did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,,2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別,高考題例示：,例1. ______we can’t get seems better than ______we have. (NMET199

32、6)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what,,例2. No one can be sure _____ in a million years. (MET1991)what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what

33、 D. what look will man like,,例3. _______ you have done might do harm to other people. (MET 1987)That B. What C. Whether D. How,,例4. _______ you don't like him is none of my business. (上

34、海1992)What B. Who C. That D. Whether,,3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法,高考題例示：,例1. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,,例2. It worried her a

35、bit ______her hair was turning gray. while B. if C. that D. for,,例3. I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998) it B. that C. this D. them,,例4. Does _______ matter if he can't f

36、inish the job on time? (MET 1991)A. this B. that C. he D. it,,4.考查whether與if 的區(qū)別,高考真題例示：,高考題例示：,例1. _____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996) If B. Whether C. That D. Where,,例

37、2. What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海2001)when B. how C. whether D. why,,例3. _____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet

38、. (MET1992)Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That,,5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別,高考題例示：,例1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)however B. wh

39、atever C. whichever D. whenever,,例2. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,,例3. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (

40、上海1995)anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,,6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題,高考題例示：,例1.It is necessary that a college student ______at least a foreign language. (上海1993)A.masters B. should master C. mastered D. will

41、 master,,Tell whether the following clauses are right:,1.That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.2.He will give up his job surprises all of us.3. No matter who breaks the law will be punished.4.If the

42、meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.5.He is said that he has accepted the invitation.,That …,Whoever…,Whether…,It…,what…,Tell whether the following clauses are right:,6.The reason why he was late was

43、because his bike broke down halfway.7.I don’t doubt whether/if he will come soon.8. He told me the news which was very exciting.9.After that seemed a long time, he came back to life.10.He told me the news if