1、Theysaythatpridecomesbefeafall.InthecaseofbothNapoleonHitlerthemanyvictiestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossiblethatnothingcouldstintheirway.Russiasicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.人道是驕兵必?cái)?。就拿拿破侖和希特勒兩人來說吧，他們所向披靡

2、，便以為自己戰(zhàn)無不勝，不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪衛(wèi)士證明他們錯(cuò)了。TheIcyDefenderNilaB.Smith1In1812NapoleonBonaparteEmperoftheFrenchledhisGrArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedfthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomel.Hewaspreparedfthelongmarchacr

3、ossRussiansoiltoMoscowthecapitalcity.ButhewasnotpreparedfthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscowtherawbitterbleakRussianwinter.冰雪衛(wèi)士奈拉B史密斯1812年，法國皇帝拿破侖波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會(huì)為保衛(wèi)祖國而奮勇抵抗。他準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國土上要經(jīng)過長途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科。但他沒有料到在莫

4、斯科他會(huì)遭遇勁敵—俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。2In1941AdolfHitlerleaderofNaziGermanylaunchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnionasRussiathenwascalled.Hitlersmilitarymightwasunequaled.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashtcam

5、paignbutlikeNapoleonbefehimwastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.1941年，納粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時(shí)被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實(shí)力堪稱無敵。他的戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，但是，就像在他之前的拿破侖一樣，他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃

6、士兵一臂之力。NapoleonsCampaign3Inthespringof1812NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousmenonthebdersofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrainedefficientwellequipped.ThismilitaryfcewascalledtheGrArmy.Napoleonconfidentofaquickvictypred

7、ictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.拿破侖發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)役1812年春，拿破侖在俄國邊境屯兵60萬。這些士兵受過良好訓(xùn)練，作戰(zhàn)力強(qiáng)，裝備精良。這支軍隊(duì)被稱為大軍。拿破侖對(duì)馬到成功充滿自信，預(yù)言要在5個(gè)星期內(nèi)攻下俄國。4ShtlyafterwardsNapoleonsarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.ThequickdecisivevictythatNapoleonexpe

8、ctedneverhappened.TohissurprisetheRussiansrefusedtostfight.Insteadtheyretreatedeastwardburningtheircropshomesastheywent.TheGrArmyfollowedbutitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslowmovingsupplylines.不久，拿破侖的大軍渡過涅曼河進(jìn)入俄國。拿破

9、侖期盼著的速?zèng)Q速勝遲遲沒有發(fā)生。令他吃驚的是，俄國人并不奮起抵抗。相反，他們一路東撤，沿途焚毀莊稼和民居。大軍緊追不舍，但它的長驅(qū)直入很快由于糧草運(yùn)輸緩慢而停頓下來。5InAugusttheFrenchRussianarmiesengagedatSmolenskinabattle10AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrengththeFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertaind

10、efeat.AttheBerezinaRivertheRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.ButNapoleonbyastrokeofluckwasabletobuildtwonewbridges.ThoussofFrenchsoldiersescapedbutatthecostoffiftythousdead.On

11、ceacrosstheBerezinathetatteredsurvivslimpedtowardVilna.正當(dāng)俄羅斯軍隊(duì)集聚兵力之時(shí)，法國人卻不得不逃離俄國，以避免注定的失敗。在別列茲那河，俄國人焚燒了漲水的河道上的橋梁，差點(diǎn)將后撤的法軍困于河邊。僥幸的是，拿破侖居然突擊造起兩座橋。成千上萬法國士兵得以逃脫，但卻損失了5萬人。渡過別列茲拿河，潰不成軍的幸存者一瘸一拐地向維爾紐行進(jìn)。11Ofthesixhundredthoussold

12、iersNapoleonhadledintoRussialessthanonehundredthouscameback.TheweakenedFrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.SoonBritainAustriaRussiaPrussiafmedapowerfulallianceattackedthesestragglers.InMarch1814Pariswascapt

13、ured.Napoleonabdicatedwentintoexilehisempireatanend.拿破侖發(fā)兵60萬進(jìn)入俄國，只有不到10萬士兵返回。元?dú)獯髠姆▏婈?duì)在歐洲繼續(xù)西撤。不久，英國、奧地利、俄國以及普魯士組成強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)盟，攻擊這些散兵游勇。1814年3月，巴黎被攻占。拿破侖退位去過流放生活，他締造的帝國隨之滅亡。HitlersInvasion12Byearly1941AdolfHitlerleaderofNaziGerm

14、anyhadseizedcontrolofmostofEurope.TotheeastofHitlersGermanempirewastheSovietUnion.OnJune221941withoutadeclarationofwarHitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylcampaigninhisty.ConfidentofaquickvictyH

15、itlerexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonths.Heplannedtousetheblitzkrieg“l(fā)ightningwar“tacticsthathaddefeatedtherestofEurope.Theinvasionhadthreebroadthrusts:againstLeningradMoscowthroughtheUkraine.希特勒的入侵到1941年初，納

16、粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒已經(jīng)控制了歐洲大部分地區(qū)。希特勒的德意志帝國的東部與蘇聯(lián)毗鄰。1941年6月22日，希特勒不宣而戰(zhàn)，入侵蘇聯(lián)，發(fā)動(dòng)了歷史上規(guī)模最大的一場陸地戰(zhàn)役。希特勒自信能速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，預(yù)計(jì)這一戰(zhàn)役不會(huì)超過3個(gè)月。他計(jì)劃采用征服了歐洲其余地區(qū)的閃電式戰(zhàn)略。入侵計(jì)劃包含三大目標(biāo)：向列寧格勒與莫斯科進(jìn)攻，并橫掃烏克蘭。13CaughtoffguardbytheinvasionSovietleaderJosephStalininstruc

17、tedtheRussianpeopleto“scchtheearth“infrontoftheGermaninvaders.Farmsfactieswereburneddestroyedrendereduseless.DuringthefirsttenweeksoftheinvasiontheGermanspushedthefronteastwardtheRussianssufferedmethanamillioncasualties.