1、126新概念新概念36篇新概念三Lesson14Anoblegangster貴族歹徒ThereThereTherewaswaswasaatimetimetimewhenwhenwhentheownersofshopsbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinininreturnreturnreturnfffprotection.Ifthemoneywasnotpaid

2、promptlythegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutoutoutofofofbusinessbusinessbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtainingprotectionmoneyisnotamoderncrime.AsAsAslonglonglongagoagoagoasasasthefourteenthcenturyanEnglishmanSirJohnHawkwood

3、madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldwouldwouldratherratherratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifewkdestroyedbygangsters.SixhundredyearsagoSirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabofsoldierssettlednearFlence.Hesoonmade

4、mademadeaanamenamenamefffhimselfhimselfhimselfcamecamecametototobebebeknownknownknowntotototheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancitystateswereatatatwarwarwarwithwithwitheachotherHawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstopri

5、nceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemed.InInIntimestimestimesofofofpeacewhenbusinesswasbadHawkwoodhismenwouldmarchintoacitystateafterburningburningburningdowndowndownafewfarmswouldofferofferoffertototogoawayifprotecti

6、onmoneywaspaidtothem.Hawkwoodmademademadelargelargelargesumssumssumsofofofmoneymoneymoneyinthisway.InInInspitespitespiteofofofthisthisthistheItaliansregardedhimasastofhero.Whenhediedatatatthethetheageageageofofofeightyth

7、eFlentinesgavehimastatefuneralhadapicturedpaintedwhichwasdedicatedtototothethethememymemymemyofofofthemostvaliantsoldiermostnotableleaderSignGiovanniHaukodue.曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取“保護(hù)“。如果交款不及時(shí)歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店讓他

8、破產(chǎn).榨取“保護(hù)金“并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑.早在14世紀(jì)英國(guó)人約翰.霍克伍德就有過(guò)非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):“人們情愿拿出大筆的錢也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街?600年前約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊(duì)士兵來(lái)到意大利在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來(lái)很快就出了名.意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫(kù)托.每次意大利各城邦之間發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)霍克伍德把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價(jià)的君主。和平時(shí)期當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí)霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)然后提出如向他們繳納保護(hù)金他們便主動(dòng)撤

9、離?；艨宋榈掠眠@種方法掙了大筆錢.盡管如此意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。他80歲那年死去時(shí)佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國(guó)葬并為他畫像以紀(jì)念這位“驍勇無(wú)比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼.阿庫(kù)托先生.“Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeinthewld世界上最長(zhǎng)的吊橋VerrazanoanItalianaboutwhomlittleisknownsailedintoNewYkHarbourin1524nameditAng

10、ouleme.Hedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthestofwhichflowedagreatriver.ThoughVerrazanoisbybybynononomeansmeansmeansconsideredtobeagreatexplerhisnamewillprobablyremainimmtalfonNovember21st1

11、964thelongestsuspensionbridgeinthewldwasnamednamednamedafterafterafterhim.TheVerrazanoBridgewhichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmannjoinsBrooklyntoStatenIsl.Ithasaspanof4260feet.Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakent

12、akentakenintointointoaccountaccountaccountbyitsdesigner.Twogreattowerssupptfourhugecables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmenseunderwaterplatfmsmademademadeofofofsteelconcrete.Theplatfmsextendextendextendtototoadepthofover100feetun

13、derthesea.Thesealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.Abovethesurfaceofthewaterthetowersriseriserisetototoaheightofnearly700feet.Theysupptthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.EachEachEachofofofthefourcablescontains26108len

14、gthsofwire.Ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedpackedpackedwithwithwithcarsitwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.Howeversizestrengtharenottheonlyimptantthingsaboutthisbridge.Despiteitsimmensityitisbot

15、hsimpleelegantfulfillingitsdesignersdreamtocreateanenmousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible.1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港名為安古拉姆。他對(duì)該港作了這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過(guò)”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對(duì)算不上一個(gè)偉大的探險(xiǎn)家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因?yàn)?964年11月21日建成的一座

16、世界上最長(zhǎng)的吊橋是以他的名字命名。維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬.阿曼設(shè)計(jì)，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長(zhǎng)4260英尺。由于橋身太長(zhǎng)，設(shè)計(jì)者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼盤混凝土平臺(tái)上。平臺(tái)深入海底100英尺。僅這兩座塔就花了16個(gè)月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋，4根鋼纜中的每根由26，108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計(jì)，若橋上擺滿了汽車，也只不過(guò)是橋的總承載力的13。然

17、而，這座橋重要特點(diǎn)不僅是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，造型優(yōu)美，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者企圖創(chuàng)造一個(gè)“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫出一個(gè)龐然大物”的夢(mèng)想。Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼爾.門多薩BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEngltwohundredyearsago.Inthosedaysboxersfoughtfoughtfoughtwithwithwithbarefistsfprizepriz

18、eprizemoneymoneymoney.Becauseofthistheywereknownknownknownasasasprizefighters.Howeverboxingwasverycrudeftherewerenorulesaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredevenkilledduringamatch.Oneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghisty

19、wasDanielMendozawhowasbnin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewdrewdrewupupupthefirstsetofrules.Thoughhewastechnicallya326西服中的一套掛到大衣柜里去。我打開(kāi)柜門，站在柜門前一下子驚呆了。一具骷髏懸掛在眼前，由于柜門突然打開(kāi)，它也隨之輕微搖晃起

20、來(lái)，讓我覺(jué)得它好像馬上要跳出柜門朝我撲過(guò)來(lái)似的。我扔下西服沖下樓去告訴喬治。這是比“駭人聽(tīng)聞的秘密”更加驚人的東西，這是一具真正的骷髏??！但喬治卻無(wú)動(dòng)于衷?！班蓿撬?！他笑著說(shuō)道，儼然在談?wù)撘晃焕吓笥?。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我以前是學(xué)醫(yī)的了?！盠esson27Nothingtosellnothingtobuy沒(méi)有東西可賣也沒(méi)有東西可買ItItIthashashasbeenbeenbeensaidsaidsaidthatthattha

21、teveryonelivesliveslivesbybybysellingsomething.InInInthethethelightlightlightofofofthisstatementteacherslivebysellingknowledgephilosophersbysellingwisdompriestsbysellingspiritualcomft.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasuretheval

22、ueofmaterialgoodininintermstermstermsofofofmoneyitisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperfmfus.ThereThereTherearearearetimestimestimeswhenwhenwhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosav

23、eourlivesyetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeefofferinguspreciselythisservice.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidfinininthethethesamesamesamewaywaywaythatthatthatgoodsarepaidfatashop.Everyonehassomething

24、tosell.Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptionexceptionexceptiontototothisthisthisgeneralgeneralgeneralrulerulerule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanhumanhumanbeingsbeingsbeingstoarousethepityofpassersby.Butrealtrampsarenotbegga

25、rs.Theyhavenothingtosellrequirenothingfromothers.Inseekingindependencetheydonotsacrificetheirhumandignity.Atrampmayaskyoufmoneybuthewillneveraskyoutofeelfeelfeelsrysrysryfffhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleads

26、isfullyawareawareawareofofoftheconsequences.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealiscomingcomingcomingfromfromfrombutheisfreefreefreefromfromfromthethoussofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossib

27、lefhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithwithwitheaseeaseease.Byhavingtosleepinininthethetheopenopenopenhegetsgetsgetsfarfarfarclosercloserclosertototothewldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Hemayhuntbegstealoccasionallytokeephimselfali

28、vehemayevenininintimestimestimesofofofrealneeddoalittlewkbuthewillneversacrificehisfreedom.Weoftenspeakspeakspeakofofoftrampswithcontemptputtheminthesameclassasbeggarsbuthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittlee

29、nviousoftheirsimplewayoflifetheirfreedomfromcare據(jù)說(shuō)每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來(lái)維持生活。根據(jù)這種說(shuō)法，教師靠賣知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢來(lái)衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。社會(huì)上的情況就是

30、如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起過(guò)路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。游浪漢可能會(huì)向你討錢，但他從來(lái)不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過(guò)那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無(wú)著落，但他不像有人

31、那樣被千萬(wàn)樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒(méi)有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺(jué)，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。說(shuō)起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說(shuō)我們對(duì)流浪漢的簡(jiǎn)樸生活與無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？Lesson33Adaytoremember難忘的一天Wehav

32、eallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoesgoesgoeswrongwrongwrong.Adaymaybeginwellenoughbutsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetgetgetoutoutoutofofofcontrolcontrolcontrol.Whatinvariablyhappensisthataagreatgreatgreatnumbernumbernumbero

33、fofofthingschoosetogowrongatpreciselythethethesamesamesamemomentmomentmoment.Itisasifasingleunimptanteventsetsetsetupupupaachainchainchainofofofreactions.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealkeepingkeepingkeepinganananeye

34、eyeeyeonononthebabyatatatthethethesamesamesametimetimetime.Thetelephoneringsthismarksthepreludetoanananunfeseenunfeseenunfeseenseriesseriesseriesofofofcatastrophes.Whileyouareonononthethethephonephonephonethebabypullsthe

35、tableclothoffthetablesmashinghalfyourbestcrockerycuttinghimselfintheprocess.Youhanghanghangupupuphurriedlyattendattendattendtototobabycrockeryetc.Meanwhilethemealgetsgetsgetsburntburntburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreducey

36、outotearsyourhusbarrivesunexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.ThingscangogogowrongwrongwrongonabigscaleasanumberofpeoplerecentlydiscoveredinParramattaasuburbofSydney.Duringtherushrushrushhourhourhouroneeveningtwocarsco

37、llidedbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomanimmediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedhappenedhappenedtototobebebealearner.Shesuddenlygotgotgotintointointoaapanicpanicpanicstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifew

38、assittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownfwardthecakewentrightthroughthewindscreenledontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheairalry–driverwhowasdrawingdrawingdrawingupupupalongsidethecarpulledupallallallofofofaasu

39、ddensuddensudden.Thelrywasloadedloadedloadedwithwithwithemptybeerbottleshundredsofthemslidslidslidoffoffoffthebackofthevehicleontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhilethetrafficpiledpiledpiledupupupbehind.It