1、環(huán)境英語證書考試環(huán)境英語證書考試（PEC）核心詞匯解釋核心詞匯解釋AAbioticenvironmentThepartofanecosystemthatincludesthenonlivingsurroundings.ActivatedsludgeAnactivepopulationofmicroganismsusedtotreatwastewatertheprocessinwhichtheganismsareemployed.Adsp

2、tionAsurfacephenomenainwhichasolute(solublematerial)concentratescollectsatasurface(theadsbent).AdvancedwastewatertreatmentTheremovalofanydissolvedsuspendedcontaminantsbeyondsecondarytreatmentoftenthisistheremovalofthenut

3、rientsnitrogenphosphus.AerationIntimatecontactoftheatmospherewatertoaddair(oxygen)tothewater.Thetermisalsoappliedtogasstrippingwhereanundesirablegasisremovedfromthewater.Seegasstripping.Aerobesganismswhichrequiremolecula

4、roxygenasanelectronacceptfenergyproduction.Seeanaerobes.AerobicprocessAprocesswhichrequiresmolecularoxygen.AlcoholAnganiccompoundwithonemehydroxyl“OH“groups.AldehydeAnganiccompoundwithacarbonylatoneendofahydrocarbongroup

5、.AlkalinityThecapacityofawatertoneutralizeacids.AmineAfunctionalgroupconsistingof“NH2.“AminoacidAfunctionalgroupwhichconsistsofacarbonwithacarboxylicacid“COOH“anamine“NH2.“Thesecompoundsarethebuildingblocksfproteins.Anab

6、olismBiosynthesistheproductionofnewcellularmaterialsfromotherganicinganicchemicals.AnaerobesAgroupofganismsthatdonotrequiremolecularoxygen.Theseganismsaswellasallknownlifefmsrequireoxygen.Theseganismsobtaintheiroxygenfro

7、minganicionssuchasnitratesulfatefromprotein.AnaerobicprocessAprocesswhichonlyoccursintheabsenceofmolecularoxygen.AnoxicprocessAprocesswhichoccursonlyatverylowlevelsofmolecularoxygenintheabsenceofmolecularoxygen.Anthropog

8、enicOfmadecausedbyhumanactivityactions.AromaticAfmofbondinginwhichringcompoundsshareelectronsovermethantwoatoms.Theelectronsaredelocalized.Thisleadstounusualringstability.AttachedgrowthreactAreactinwhichthemicroganismsar

9、eattachedtoengineeredsurfaceswithinthereact.Examplesofattachedgrowthreactsarethetricklingfiltertherotatingbiologicalcontact.Seesuspendedgrowthreact.Autotrophicganismswhichutilizeinganiccarbonfsynthesisofprotoplasm.Ecolog

10、istsnarrowthedefinitionfurtherbyrequiringthatautotrophsobtaintheirenergyfromthesun.Inmicrobiologistparlancethiswouldbeaphotoautotroph.Seephotoautotrophicchemoautotrophic.AutotrophsAgroupofganismscapableofobtainingcarbonf

11、synthesisfrominganiccarbonsourcessuchascarbondioxideitsdissolvedspecies(thecarbonates).ThisgroupCoagulationParticledestabilizationtoenhanceagglomeration.CODSeechemicaloxygendem.ColloidsSmallparticleswhichhaveanegligibles

12、ettlingvelocity.Theseparticleshaveaverysmallmasssogravitationalfceislowcomparedtosurfacefrictionalfces.Typicalcolloidalsizesrangefrom103mmto1plexationTheionicbondingofonemecentralionsmoleculesbyonemesurroundingionsponent

13、ApartofamixturepostingThecontrolledaerobicdegradationofganicwastesintoamaterialwhichcanbeusedflscapinglfillcoversoilpoundAsubstancecomposedoftwomepressionsettlingSettlingwhichoccursinthelowerreachesofclarifierswhereparti

14、cleconcentrationsarehighest.Particlescansettleonlybycompressingthemassofparticlesbelow.Consumersganismswhichconsumeprotoplasmproducedfromphotosynthesisconsumeganismsfromhigherlevelswhichindirectlyconsumeprotoplasmfrompho

15、tosynthesis.ConversionThefractionofaspeciesenteringasystemwhichisconvertedtoproduct.CrosivewasteAwastethatisoutsidethepHrangeof2to12.5awastethatcrodessteelatarategreaterthan6.35mm(0.25in)peryear.OneofEPAsfourhazardouswas

16、teproperties.CovalentbondAbondinwhichelectronsaresharedapproximatelyequallybytwoatoms.CybericSystemswhichchangeinresponsetofeedback.DDecomposersganismswhichutilizeenergyfromwastesdeadganisms.Decomposerscompletethecycleby

17、returningnutrientstothesoilwatercarbondioxidetotheairwater.DenitrificationTheanoxicbiologicalconversionofnitratetonitrogengas.Itoccursnaturallyinsurfacewaterslowinoxygenitcanbeengineeredinwastewatertreatmentsystems.Deoxy

18、genationTheconsumptionofoxygenbythedifferentaquaticganismsastheyoxidizedmaterialsintheaquaticenvironment.DiscretesettlingSettlinginwhichindividualparticlessettleindependentlyneitheragglomeratinginterferingwiththesettling

19、oftheotherparticlespresent.Thisoccursinwaterswithalowconcentrationofparticles.DiseaseAnyimpairmentofthenmalfunctionofanganism.DisinfectionThedestructioninactivationofpathogenicmicroganisms.Seesterilization.DispersionAsta

20、blemixtureofparticlessuspendedinafluidmedium.Dissolvedoxygen(DO)Theamountofmolecularoxygendissolvedinwater.DumpAnillegaluncontrolledareawherewasteshavebeenplacedonintheground.SeeLfill.EEcologyThestudyoflivingganismstheir

21、environmenthabitat.EcosystemAnganismgroupofganismstheirsurroundings.Theboundaryofanecosystemmaybearbitrarilychosentosuittheareaofintereststudy.EffluentThefluidexitingasystemprocesstanketc.Aneffluentfromoneprocesscanbeani