1、流行病學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯,A,安慰劑 Placebo,安慰劑效應(yīng) placebo effects,B,把握度 study power,半試驗(yàn) semi-trial,保護(hù)率 protective rate ,PR,報(bào)告偏倚 reporting bias,暴露 exposure,暴露標(biāo)志 exposure marker暴露懷疑偏倚 exposure suspicion bias爆發(fā)調(diào)查 outbreak survey,被動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè) passiv

2、e surveillance比例研究 proportional study比值比 Odds Ratio ,OR,必需病因 necessary factor of cause標(biāo)點(diǎn)地圖 spot map,標(biāo)化比例死亡比 standardized proportional mortality ratio, SPMR標(biāo)化比值比 standardized odds ratio, SOR標(biāo)化死亡比 standardized mortali

3、ty ratio, SMR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 standardization,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化率比 standardized rate ratio, SRR“冰山”現(xiàn)象 ice-berg phenomenon丙型肝炎 hepatitis C，HC,并聯(lián)試驗(yàn) parallel test,病毒性肝炎 viral hepatitis,病例報(bào)告 case report,病例-病例研究 case-case study病例調(diào)查 case survey,病例對(duì)照研

4、究 case-control study病例交叉設(shè)計(jì) case-crossover design病例交叉研究 case-crossover study病例-系列研究 case-series study病死率 fatality rate,病因 causation of disease,病因的異質(zhì)性 etiological heterogeneity病因分值 etiologic fraction，EF病因鏈 chains of

5、causation病因網(wǎng) web of causation,不合格 ineligibility,不依從 noncompliance,C,測(cè)量偏倚 measurement bias,長(zhǎng)期變異 secular change, trend variation超額死亡率 excess mortality,超額危險(xiǎn)度 excess risk,巢式病例對(duì)照研究 nested case-control study成本效果分析 cost -eff

6、ectiveness analysis成本效益分析 cost-benefit analysis成本效用分析 cost-utility,成組匹配 category matching抽樣調(diào)查 sampling survey,抽樣框架 sampling frame,抽樣誤差 sampling error,出生隊(duì)列 birth cohort,出生隊(duì)列分析法 birth cohort analysis初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健 primary heal

7、th care ,PHC傳播概率 transmission probability傳播機(jī)制 mechanism of transmission傳播途徑 path of transmission傳播途徑 transmission route傳播因素 transmitting factor傳染病 communicable diseases傳染過(guò)程 infectious process,傳染性 infectiousness,串聯(lián)

8、試驗(yàn) serial test,粗死亡率 crude death rate 改成 crude mortality rate 較好粗一致性 crude agreement,促成病因 contributory factor of cause錯(cuò)分偏倚 misclassification bias錯(cuò)誤分類 misclassification,D,大骨節(jié)病 Kashin-Beck disease大流行 pandemic,代表性 repres

9、entativeness單倍型 haplotype,單純隨機(jī)抽樣 simple random sampling單盲 single blind,單項(xiàng)篩檢 single screening等位基因 allele,等位基因頻率 gene frequency地方病 endemic diseases,地方病學(xué) Endemiology,地方性 endemicity,地方性氟中毒 endemic fluorosis地方性砷中毒 endemi

10、c arsenism點(diǎn)突變 point mutation,點(diǎn)源流行 point source epidemic碘缺乏病 iodine deficiency disease調(diào)查隨訪研究 survey follow-up study調(diào)整一致性 adjusted agreement丁型肝炎 hepatitis D，HD,動(dòng)態(tài)人群 dynamic population毒力 virulence,短期波動(dòng) irregular varia

11、tion, rapid fluctuation隊(duì)列 cohort,隊(duì)列研究 cohort study,對(duì)象報(bào)告偏倚 report bias,多歸因程序的方法 Multiple imputation procedure多國(guó)心血管病趨勢(shì)和決定因素監(jiān)測(cè)Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants inardiovascular Diseases, MONICA多級(jí)抽樣 mult

12、istage sampling多群組比較研究 multi-group comparison study多態(tài)性 polymorphism,多項(xiàng)篩檢 multiple screening,E,惡性腫瘤流行病學(xué) cancer Epidemiology二代侵襲率,續(xù)發(fā)率 secondary attack rate，SAR二級(jí)預(yù)防 secondary prevention,F,發(fā)病率 incidence rate, morbidity發(fā)

13、病密度 incidence density,發(fā)病密度 incidence density,發(fā)生率研究 incidence study,飛沫 droplet,飛沫核 droplet nuclei,非即時(shí)性 non-concurrent,非均衡性錯(cuò)分 differential misclassification非連續(xù)性狀 Discrete traits,肺炎與流感死亡率 pneumonia and influenza deaths, 即

14、P&I deaths,分層 stratification,分層抽樣 stratified sampling分層隨機(jī)分組 stratified randomization分類變量 categorical variable分離分析 segregation analysis分子流行病學(xué) Molecular Epidemiology封閉性抗體 blocking antibodies氟斑牙 dental fluorosis,氟

15、骨癥 skeletal fluorosis,負(fù)混雜 negative confounding復(fù)等位基因位點(diǎn) multiple alles復(fù)雜性狀 complex trait,G,概念框架 conceptual framework干預(yù)隨訪研究 intervention follow-up study感染儲(chǔ)主 reservoir of infection感染來(lái)源 source of infection感染力 infectivit

16、y,感染譜 spectrum of infection感染梯度 gradient of infection感染性腹瀉 infectious diarrhea感染性腹瀉病 infectious diarrheal disease感染癥 infections or infectious diseases高危人群策略 high risk strategy個(gè)案 case,個(gè)案調(diào)查 case study,個(gè)案調(diào)查 individual

17、 survey,個(gè)體匹配 individual matching工程干預(yù) engineering intervention共變法 method of concomitant variation共顯性 codominance,構(gòu)成比 proportion,固定隊(duì)列 fixed cohort,故意傷害 intentional injuries關(guān)聯(lián)的合理性 plausibility of association關(guān)聯(lián)的可重復(fù)性 con

18、sistency of association關(guān)聯(lián)的強(qiáng)度 strength of association關(guān)聯(lián)的時(shí)間性 temporality of association關(guān)聯(lián)的特異性 specificity of association關(guān)聯(lián)的一致性 coherence of association觀察偏倚 observational bias,觀察性研究 observational study,觀察一致率 observatio

19、n agreement,廣義遺傳度 broad heritability,歸因危險(xiǎn)度 attributable risk,歸因危險(xiǎn)度百分比 attributable risk percent, ARP, 或 AR%國(guó)際病毒分類委員會(huì) International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses，ICTV國(guó)際冠心病預(yù)防工作組,The International Task Force for Preven

20、tion of Coronary Heart Disease國(guó)際疾病分類第十版 International Classification of Diseases，ICD-10國(guó)家結(jié)核病防治項(xiàng)目 National Tuberculosis Program，NTP國(guó)家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心 the National Center for Health Statistics, NCHSH,合作率 cooperation rate,核心家系 Nu

21、clear families,橫斷面研究 cross sectional analysis橫斷面研究 cross-sectional study患病率 prevalence rate,回顧性研究 retrospective studies回憶偏倚 recall bias,混合型流行 mixed epidemic混合研究 mixed study,混雜 confounding,混雜偏倚 confounding bias,混雜因素 c

22、onfounder, confounding factor活躍病區(qū) active endemic area獲得性免疫缺陷綜合癥 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS霍桑效應(yīng) Howthorne effect,J,機(jī)遇 chance,基本繁殖率 basic reproduction rate基本繁殖數(shù) basic reproductive number,R0基本人群 base popu

23、lation or population at risk基線信息 baseline information基因 gene,基因毒性 genotoxic,基因型 Genotyping,基因型頻率 genotype frequency及時(shí)性 timeliness,疾病爆發(fā) disease outbreak疾病標(biāo)志 Markers of disease疾病的分布 distribution of disease疾病的自然史 natu

24、ral history of disease,疾病監(jiān)測(cè) surveillance of disease疾病鏈 the disease chain,劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系 dose—response relationship季節(jié)性 seasonal variation, seasonality繼發(fā)關(guān)聯(lián) secondary association家庭簇研究 family cluster study家庭聚集性 Familial aggrega

25、tion家庭聚集性研究 familial aggregation study家庭相似性 Family resemblance家系研究 pedigree study,甲型肝炎 hepatitis A，HA,假陽(yáng)性率 false positive rate,假陰性率 false negative rate間接傳播 indirect transmission間接關(guān)聯(lián) indirect association間接接觸 indirec

26、t contact,檢出癥侯偏倚 detection signal bias簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)分組 simple randomization簡(jiǎn)明損傷定級(jí)法 abbreviated injury scale，AIS健康促進(jìn) health promotion,健康工作者效應(yīng) healthy worker effect健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) health information system, HIS健康生命損失年 years of life live

27、d with disability, YLLD教育干預(yù) educational intervention結(jié)局 outcome,結(jié)局變量 outcome variable,截?cái)帱c(diǎn) cutoff,金標(biāo)準(zhǔn) gold standard,經(jīng)濟(jì)干預(yù) economic intervention經(jīng)節(jié)肢動(dòng)物媒介 vector-borne經(jīng)空氣 air-borne,經(jīng)食物 food-borne,經(jīng)飲水 drinking water-borne經(jīng)載

28、體 vehicle-borne,精確性 precision,聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng) polymerase chain reaction，PCR均衡性錯(cuò)分 non-differential misclassification均數(shù)回歸趨勢(shì) regression to the mean,K,抗原漂移 antigenic drift抗原轉(zhuǎn)變 antigenic shift克山病 Keshan disease,空間、時(shí)間集研究 space-tim

29、e cluster study,擴(kuò)大免疫計(jì)劃 expanded program on immunization,EPI,L,來(lái)源同一 identity by descent, IBD類試驗(yàn)，準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn) quasi-trial，quasi-experiment類推法 method of analogy累積發(fā)病率 cumulative incidence罹患率 attack rate,禮貌偏倚 politeness bias,理論流行病

30、學(xué) theoretical epidemiology歷史性 historical,連鎖 linkage,連鎖不平衡 linkage disequilibrium連鎖分析 Linkage analysis連鎖平衡 linkage equilibrium聯(lián)合無(wú)應(yīng)答偏倚 combined nonrespondent bias聯(lián)系率 contact rate,臨床試驗(yàn) clinical trial,靈敏度 sensitivity,領(lǐng)先

31、時(shí)間偏倚 lead time bias流感病毒 influenza virus,流行 epidemic,流行病模型 epidemic model流行病學(xué) epidemiology,流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè) epidemiological surveillance流行病學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn) epidemiological experiment流行過(guò)程 epidemic process流行曲線 epidemic curve流行性出血熱 epidemic

32、hemorrhagic fever, EHF流行性感冒 Influenza,流行性腎病 nephropathia epidemica,NE率 rate,率比 rate ratio,率差 rate difference, RD,輪狀模式 wheel mode,M,蔓延流行 propagated or progressive epidemic盲法 blindness,美國(guó)國(guó)家膽固醇教育規(guī)劃 National Cholesterol E

33、ducation Program，NCEP描述流行病學(xué) descriptive epidemiology,描述性研究 descriptive study目標(biāo)人群 target population,N,內(nèi)暴露劑量 Internal Dose,內(nèi)部有效性 internal validity內(nèi)劑量 internal dose,內(nèi)劑量的測(cè)定 internal dose meters納入/排除偏倚 inclusion/exclusion

34、 bias奈曼偏倚 Neyman bias,P,排除 exclusions,排除法 method of exclusion排除偏倚 exclusive bias配對(duì) pair matching,“皮鞋”流行病學(xué) shoeleather epidemiology匹配 matching,匹配變量 matching variable匹配過(guò)頭 overmatching匹配因素 matching factors偏倚 bias,頻數(shù)匹

35、配 frequency matching普查 census,Q,前瞻性 prospective 8,前瞻性研究 prospective study,潛伏期 incubation period,潛隱期 latent period,潛在工作損失年數(shù) Working Years of Potential Life Lost, WYPLL潛在價(jià)值損失年數(shù) Valued Years of Potential Life Lost, VYPLL

36、潛在壽命損失年 potential years of life lost，PYLL強(qiáng)制干預(yù) enforcement intervention求同法 method of agreement,求異法 method of difference,全人群策略 population strategy缺課天數(shù) days lost from school缺勤天數(shù) days lost from work,缺失數(shù)據(jù) missing data,確定性

37、檢驗(yàn) explicit testing,確定性模型 deterministic model,R,人傳人 person to person spread,人類傳染病 anthroponosis,人類基因組計(jì)劃 human genome project人類免疫缺陷病毒 human immunodeficiency virus,HIV人群 population,人群病因分值 population etiologic fraction, P

38、EF人群的分層 population stratification人群歸因危險(xiǎn)度 population attributable risk，PAR人群歸因危險(xiǎn)度百分比 population attributable risk percent， PARP 或 PAR%人群免疫性 herd immunity,人群易感性 herd susceptibility,人獸共患病，動(dòng)物傳染病 zoonosis人畜共患病 anthropozo