1、1LessonOne1.itisanactivityonlyofhumans.conversationisanactivityfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.2.Conversationisnotfmakingapoint.Conversationisnotfpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaspointsofviews.3.Infactthebestconversationalistsa

2、rethosewhoarepreparedtolose.Infactpeoplewhoaregoodatconversationwillnotarguetowinfceotherstoaccepthisideas.4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother’slives.Peoplewhomeeteachotherfadrinkinthebarofapubarenotclosefriendsf

3、theyarenotdeeplyabsbedineachother’sprivatelives.5.....itcouldstillgoignantlyon...Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightwrong.6.Therearecattleinthefieldsbutwesitdowntobeef.Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhen

4、theyarealivefeedinthefieldsbutwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeatwecalltheirmeetbeef.7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglish

5、madeithardftheEnglishtoacceptabsbthecultureoftherulers.8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionwasusedbytheKingonceme.9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejativelyevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasse

6、s.ThephrasetheKing’sEnglishhasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyjokinglybythelowerclasses.(Thewkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperfmallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.)10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.AstheearlySaxonp

7、easantsthewkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthityoftherulingclass.11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wdswillhardenintothingsfus.“ThereisalwaysagreatdangerasCarlyleputitthatwemightfgetthatwdsareonlysymbo

8、lstakethemfthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.a.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachothertheydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.不管動(dòng)物之間的交流方式多么復(fù)雜，它們不能參與到稱(chēng)得上是交談的任何活動(dòng)中。b.Argumentmayofte

9、nbeapartofitbutthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.爭(zhēng)論會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)于交談中，但爭(zhēng)論的目的不是為了說(shuō)服。交談中沒(méi)有勝負(fù)之說(shuō)。c.PerhapsitisbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasamofitsown.或許我從小就混跡于英國(guó)酒吧緣

10、故，我認(rèn)為酒吧里的閑聊別有韻味。d.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayitsheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayititwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermindbutherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.我不記得是什么使得我的一個(gè)同伴說(shuō)起它來(lái)的她顯然不是來(lái)酒吧說(shuō)這個(gè)的，這不是她

11、事先想好的話(huà)題但她的話(huà)相當(dāng)自然地插入到了交談中。e.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesf“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”下層社會(huì)總會(huì)抵制上層社會(huì)企圖給“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)”制定得規(guī)則。3HoweverawhiteskinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.8.Ina

12、tropicallscapeoneseyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregionyouseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.Noonewouldthinkofgan

13、izingcheaptripsfthetouriststovisittheposlumareas10.fninetenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessbackbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.LifeisveryhardfniypercentofthepeopleWithhardbackbreakingtoilthey

14、canproducealittlefoodontheposoil11.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwomanthatistosayasabeastofburden.Shetookitfgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，that。shewasonlyfitfdoingheavywklikeananimal12.Peoplewithbrowns

15、kinsarenextdotoinvisible.Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible13.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreachmedownkhakiunifms.TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready—madekhakiunifmswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell—builtbodies14.Howlong

16、befetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirectionHowmuchlongerbefetheyturntheirgunsaroundattackus。15.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereotherinhismind.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughthiddensomewhereotherinhismind?When

17、youwalkthroughatownlikethistwohundredthousinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystupinwhenyouseehowthepeoplelivestillmehoweasilytheydieitisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghu

18、manbeings.當(dāng)你穿行于這樣的城鎮(zhèn)中—20萬(wàn)居民中至少有2萬(wàn)人除了一身勉強(qiáng)蔽體的破衣?tīng)€衫外，一無(wú)所有——當(dāng)你看到這些人是如何生活，又如何輕易死亡時(shí)，你總是很難相信自己是行走在人類(lèi)之中。?WhenyougothroughtheJewishquartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike.當(dāng)你穿過(guò)猶太人聚居區(qū)時(shí)，你就會(huì)了解中世紀(jì)的貧民區(qū)大概是個(gè)什么樣子