1、外文資料AutomotiveSuspensionSystemOverviewMostsuspensionsystemshavethesamebasicpartsoperatebasicallyinthesameway.Theydifferhoweverinthewaythepartsarearranged.Thevehiclewheelisattachedtoasteeringknuckle.Thesteeringknuckleisat

2、tachedtothevehicleframebytwocontrolarmswhicharemountedsotheycanpivotupdown.Acoilspringismountedbetweenthelowercontrolarmtheframe.Whenthewheelrollsoverabumpthecontrolarmsmoveupcompressthespring.Whenthewheelrollsintoadipth

3、econtrolarmsmovedownthespringsexp.Thespringfcebringsthecontrolarmsthewheelbackintothenmalpositionassoonasthewheelisonflatpavement.Theideaistoallowthewheeltomoveupdownwhiletheframebodypassengersstaysmoothlevel.Theunequall

4、engthcontrolarmshtlongarm(SLA)suspensionsystemhasbeencommononAmericanvehiclesfmanyyears.Becauseeachwheelisindependentlyconnectedtotheframebyasteeringknuckleballjointassembliesupperlowercontrolarmsthesystemisoftendescribe

5、dasanindependentsuspension.Theshtlongarmsuspensionsystemgetsitsnamefromtheuseoftwocontrolarmsfromtheframetothesteeringknucklewheelassembly.Thetwocontrolarmsareofunequallengthwithalongcontrolarmonthebottomashtcontrolarmon

6、thetop.ThecontrolarmsaresometimescalledAarmsbecauseinthetopviewtheyareshapedliketheletterA.Intheshtlongarmsuspensionsystemtheuppercontrolarmisattachedtoacrossshaftthroughtwocombinationrubbermetalbushings.Thecrossshaftint

7、urnisboltedtotheframe.Aballjointcalledtheupperballjointisattachedtotheouterendoftheupperarmconnectstothesteeringknucklethroughataperedstudheldinpositionwithanut.Theinnerendsofthelowercontrolarmhavepressedinbushings.Bolts

8、passingthroughthebushingsattachthearmtotheframe.Thelowerballjointisusuallypressedintothecontrolarmconnectstothesteeringknucklethroughataperedstudthatisheldinpositionwithanut.Aballjointisusedonthecontrolarmsbecauseitallow

9、smovementinmethanonedirection.Itallowstheupdownmotionrequiredasthewheelspassoverdipsbumps.Thistypeofjointalsoallowssidetosidemotionasthewheelsareturnedbackfthfturns.Ftheupperlowerballjointtheballstudintheballjointisatape

10、redstudatoneendwithaballshapedend.Theballendissupptedinasimilarlyshapedhousingcalledasocket.Theshapeofthehousingallowstheballstudtoturnaroundmovesidetoside.Aplasticsinteredironbearingispositionedbetweentheballbyacenterbo

11、ltontheendsbyreboundclips.Somespringpacksusefiber.plasticpadsbetweenleavestoreducetheinternalleaffriction.Somevehiclesuseasingleleafinsteadofabuildupofmultipleleaves.Onemanufacturerisusingaleafspringmanufacturedfromanonm

12、etalcomposite.Leafspringsareusuallyarchedsothattheendsarehigherthanthecenterwhenviewedfromtheside.Theleafspringisusuallymountedinthreeplaces.Abushingisinstalledineachofthespringeyes.Aboltthroughthebushingintherearspringe

13、yeattachestherearofthespringdirectlytothevehicleframe.Ashackleassemblyisattachedtothefrontspringeyebushingisthenmountedthroughashacklebushingtotheframe.Theshackleassemblyallowstheleafspringtopivotupdown.ApairofUboltsatie

14、plateareusedtoclampthefrontrearaxleassemblytotheleafspring.Themainadvantageofleafspringsistheirabilitytocontrolvehicleswaylateralmovement.Fthesereasonsleafspringsareoftenusedontherearsuspensionofreardrivevehicles.Manylat

15、emodelluxurycarsuseairsprings.Thespringisessentiallyarubberbagbladderfullofair.Apistonisattachedtothelowercontrolarm.Movementofthelowercontrolarmcausesthepistontomoveintotheairbladdercompresstheairinthebladder.Airpressur

16、eisusedtoregulatehoweasyhardthebladdercanbecompressed.Theairbladderisusuallyconnectedtoanaircompresswhichregulatestheactionoftheairspringbasedonroadconditions.Allsuspensionsystemsuseashockabsberateachwheel.Whenthecoiltsi

17、onbarleafspringairspringisdeflecteditcanoscillate(bounceupdown)uncontrollablypossiblycausingthetirestolosecontactwiththeroad.Thiscouldcausethecartobounceupdownwithoutanycontrol.Topreventthisfromhappeningshockabsbersareus

18、ednottoabsbshocksbuttocontrolspringratedampenspringoscillations.Theshockabsberisahydraulicdevice.Oneendoftheshockabsberisattachedtoawheelassemblytheotherendisattachedtothevehicleframe.Shockabsbermovementislimitedbyfcingf