1、一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一、時(shí)態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞 have 有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用 has，其余用 have.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞后面加上 not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式如下：否定式 疑問式I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…?You

2、 have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…?否定疑問式 簡(jiǎn)單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I h

3、ave. No, I haven’t.Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.（2）用法：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響 結(jié)果或影響。My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。I’m sure we’ve met before.

4、 我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet 等。如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。T

5、hey have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.★注意：a) since 和 for 的區(qū)別since 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如 1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor 后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。Exerc

6、ise: 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clo

7、ck.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a l

8、ong time. He has been in hospital ______ October.1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可能

9、持續(xù)。因此，不能說：give gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownhave had hadhear heard heardkeep kept keptleave left leftlose lost lostmake made madeput put putread read readrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold soldsend sen

10、t sentsing sang sungsink sank/sunk sunktake took takenteach taught taughtwrite wrote wroteam, is was beenare were beenExercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________

11、(see) it last week.2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.5. I __________ (wor

12、k) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my ho

13、mework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the tea

14、cher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, fin

15、ished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Hav