1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯原文：THEIMPACTOFTHECOMPOSITIONOFEXPTSONEXPTPERFMANCE出處：處：DEECONOMIST135NR.21987作者：者：S.BRAKMANC.J.JEPMA1.INTRODUCTIONTheissueofwhatdeterminescountriesexptshareininternationaltradehasoftenbeenthesubjectof

2、empiricalanalysis.Oftensuchananalysisiscarriedoutbyusingsimplesingleequationmodelsfocusingonsubstitutionofdem.Commonpracticetherebyistoconcentrateonthecalculationoftheelasticityofsubstitutionbetweentwoexpters(usuallythec

3、ountryconcernedagroupofcompetits)inathirdmarketsimplybytakingthequotientoftheexptdemequationsfthetwoexpters.Insuchaframewkcompetitivenessiscruciallylinkedwithrelativeprices.Realityhoweverisfarmecomplicated.Thesingleequat

4、ionmodelstherefehavebeensubjecttoseverecriticismftheirsimplicitytheapriiassumptionswhichhavetobemade.Mostcriticismswereofaneconometricnature(startingfromcutt1950)howevertheeticaldoubtshavebeenexpressedaswell.Thisresulted

5、insomeextensionsofthemodele.g.theintroductionofsupplyfactstheincpationofnonpricefactstheimpactofthebusinesscycle.Ageneralweaknessofthetraditionaltrademodelsisstilllackofattentiontotheimpactofthedifferencesinthecompositio

6、noftheexptsbetweencompetingcountriesontheirrelativeexptperfmance.NeverthelessTyszynski(1951)didseparatetheimpactofthecompositionofexptscompetitivenessonexptperfmanceothersfollowedbutthepreciserelationshipbetweenthecompos

7、itionofexptscompetitivenessremainedunclear.ThemajcontributiontothisissuehasbeenmadebyOoms(1967)butreceivedlittleattention.Alsohardlyanyattentionhasbeengiventothepolicyimplicationsofthemodels.countriesofdestination.A“indi

8、catesthegrowthrateofavariable.(2)indicatesthatanincreaseintheexptsofacountrywillbelarger(smaller)thanthatoftheothercountryiftheshareofexptsofthatcountrygoingtoIislarger(smaller)thanthatoftheothercountrysexptsifatthesamet

9、imetheincreaseinIsimptsislarger(smaller)thantheincreaseinIIsimpts.Inotherwdstheonlyfactdeterminingthedifferenceinexptsuccessbetweenbothsuppliersistheregionaldistributionoftheirexpts.3.1SpecificRegionalPreferencesUntilnow

10、noattentionhasbeengiventotheimpactofdifferencesintheregionalpreferencesoftheimpters.Ithasbeenassumedthatanincreaseinthevalueoftheimptsofaparticularmarketwithaspecificpercentagewillleadtothesameincreaseinimptdeminalldirec

11、tions.Inrealitycountrieshaveparticularregionalpreferencesduetoamongotherthingsfmercolonialrelationsculturalpoliticaltiessimilarlanguagesetc.Thesepreferencesmaycausechangesinimptdemtodifferbetweendifferentsuppliersofcompe

12、tinggoods.Attheproductlevelthesespecialpreferencescanbetheresultofdifferencesinstylefashiondeliveryconditionsetc.Thesefactsarethemerelevantifinempiricalapplicationsofthemodelthecommodityinthemodelactuallyconsistsofacommo

13、ditybundlewhichmaybetypicalftheexpterunderconsideration.Therefeitseemsrealistictoallowfdifferencesinimptelasticitiesbetweenimpters(assumingaconstantrelationshipbetweenimptstheabovementionedvariables).Anothercriticismisth

14、atsupplyelasticitiesareassumedtobeinfinite.Thisassumesconstantreturnstoscaletheabilityoftheexptertoexphissupplyaccdingtotheinternationaldemfitsproducts.Severalfactsmaycausethisassumptiontobeunrealistic.Firstthesupplyofin

15、dividualexptersisusuallysmallcomparedwithtotaldemattheinternationalmarketsothecapacitytoexptheoutputwithoutincreasingthemarginalcostswillbelimited.Secondempiricalresults(Gregy1971)indicatethatevenifexptpricesvirtuallysta