1、外文翻譯原文LogisticsClustersHowRegionalValueChainsSpeedUpGlobalSupplyChainsMaterialSource:RapidModellingfIncreasingCompetitivenessAuth:RalfElbertRobertSchnbergerAbstractConcerningthetopicof“HowRegionalValueChainsSpeedUpGlobal

2、SupplyChains”theresearchquestionofthispaperwillbetheaccelerationpotentialoflogisticsclustersintheentiresupplychain.Accelerationpotentialcanoccure.g.asleadtimereductionsasagilequickresponses.Logisticsclusterscanmakeiteasi

3、erfcompaniestogainanincreaseininnovationabilityproductivitysoenableahigherreactivity.Theincreaseisbeingcausedbyatimeadvantagewhichontheotherhresultsfromabetterproductmarketpositionaconnectionofresourcescecompetenciesknow

4、ledgedecliningtransactionscostwithinthecluster.TherefePtersdiamondmodelwhichheusedtotransferhisownmodelofnationaladvantagestothefieldofregionalclusterswillbeextendedbyanadditionalfactthatistosaytime.1Introduction“Thewlds

5、eemstomovefaster”thisstatementisnotnewbutitneverfeltstrongerthantoday.Fcompaniesitimpliesthattraditionalbusinessmodelsencounterlimitationsinadditionastrongconflictoccurs.Alwaysbeingoneinnovationaheadtothecompetitsecuring

6、immediatereactivitya100percentstockavailabilityareopposedtoan“itmaycostnothing”mentalitythefindingsofleanmanagement.Itisclearthatitisharderfasinglecompanyasa“l(fā)onestingfighter”tomeetthesechallengesoftimemoney.Butcooperati

7、oninwkscanofferanadditionalpotentialofresponsivenessflexibilityinalongrun.Asaspecialfmofinterganizationalcooperationclusterswerediscussedintensivelyinrecentyears.Almost20yearsagoitwasMichaelE.Pterwhotransferredtheterm“cl

8、usters”intothemanagerialeconomicsconnecteditwithcompetitiveadvantagessosetthefocalpointfthecurrententhusiasmonclusters.ManifoldstudiesrevealdocumentthatclustersareasourcefsuccessofInitsbroadestsenseawkcanbethoughtassocia

9、leconomicpoliticalrelationsbetweenindividualsganizations(seeSchubert1994p.9).Valuecreationwksareacterizedbycooperationbetweeneconomiclegalindependentcompaniesindertorealizecompetitiveadvantages(seeJarillo1988p.32Liebhart

10、2002p.113).Aregionalvaluecreationwkconsistsalargenumberofcompaniesfromthesameregionwhicharetiedtoeachotherbycooperativecompetitivehizontalverticallinks(seeRitsch2005p.28).ThisiswhatPterdefinedasclusters:ageographicconcen

11、trationofcompaniesspecializedsuppliersserviceprovidersaswellascompaniesinrelatedsectsinstitutionswhichareallconnectedinaspecialfieldofinteraction.Theacteristicsofthisconnectioncouldbeacommonbranchindustryrelatedprocesste

12、chnologies.AccdingtoPter“theenduringcompetitiveadvantagesinaglobaleconomylieincreasinglyinlocalthingsknowledgerelationshipsmotivationthatdistantrivalscannotmatch”(seePter1998p.78).ItisagainPterwhoanalyzesclustersthefirst

13、timefromitscompetitivestrategyframewkdescribesthemasasuperieconomicstructure.Clustersaffectcompetitioninthreebroadways:theyimprovetheproductivityofclustercompaniesincreasetheirinnovationcapabilitystimulatethecreationofne

14、wdem.Pterexplainstheseeffectswithenvironmentalinfluencesthatconvergeinsixattributesthathavethegreatestinfluenceonacompany’sabilitytoinnovateupgrade.Theseattributeswhichhetermsdiamond“shapetheinfmationfirmshaveavailableto

15、perceiveopptunitiesthepoolofinputsskillsknowledgetheycandrawonthegoalsthatconditioninvestmentthepressuresinfirmstoact”(seePter1990p.111).Hisdiamondmodelrepresentedintheillustrationbelowcoversthefollowingfourdeterminants:

16、Thefactconditionsdescribethepositionofaregionconcerningtheavailabilityofproductionfacts.Thiscoversallrelevantfactsfanindustrysuchaswkfcerawmaterialsservices.Thedemconditionsdescribethekindofregionaldemfproductsservicesof

17、anindustry.Therelatedsupptingindustriesmarkthepresenceofinternationalcompetitiverelatedindustriessuppliers.Thefirmstrategystructurerivalrydeterminefinallytheconditionsofaclusterhowcompaniesareganizedledastheycooperatehow