1、Unit4CareerPlanningCareerPlanningCareerplanningdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutinelogicalsteps.Eachofusplacesweightondifferentfactsmayconsidercertainphasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanningincludesgatheringinfma

2、tionaboutourselvesaboutoccupationsestimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofactionfinallychoosingalternativesthatwefindattractivefeasible.Manyobservershavepointedoutthatstudentsarenotveryefficientcareerplanners.They

3、citeevidencethat(1)moststudentschoosefromamongaverynarrowgroupofoccupations(2)asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupationswheninrealityonly15to18percentofthewkfceisengagedinprofessionalwk(3)youngmenshowastrikinglac

4、kofinterestinclericalsalesserviceoccupationsalthoughthesefieldsoffermanyjobopptunities(4)asmanyasathirdofthestudentsareunabletoexpressanychoiceofoccupation.IntheirbookDecisionMakingIrvingJanisLeonMannidentifyseriousflaws

5、inthewaysmanypeoplemakedecisions.Theseflawsseemtobeassociatedwiththepatternspeopleusetocopewithproblems.Thefirstflawiscomplacency.Peoplewhoignechallenginginfmationaboutthechoicestheymakedemonstratecomplacency.Peoplewhota

6、ketheattitudethat“Itwontaffectme““Itwillneverhappen“usecomplacencyasadominantpatternofbehaving.Ofcoursecomplacencyisappropriatefanydecisioninwhichnothingmuchisatstakebutthatdoesnotdescribecareerdecisions.Asecondflawinthe

7、waypeoplecopewithdecisionsisdefensiveavoidance.Whenconfrontedwithadecisionunabletobelievetheycanfindanacceptablesolutionsomepeopleremaincalmbyrestingtowishfulthinkingdaydreaming.Studentswhofailtothinkabouttheimplications

8、oftheircareerchoicesoftenengageinrationalization(deceivingoneselfwithselfsatisfyingbutincrectexplanationsfonesbehavi)procrastination(puttingoffdelaying).Facingthesituationmayproduceanxietybutexaminingalternativescouldals

9、obringrelief.Athirdflawishypervigilance.Thisoccursincareerdecisionmakingwhenpeoplebelievethereisnotenoughtimetofindasolutiontheypanic.Theysearchfranticallyfcareerpossibilitiesseizeonhastilyinventedsolutionsoverlookingthe

10、consequencesoftheirchoiceaswellasotheralternatives.Peoplewhoareinapanicsometimesdonotthinkclearlylogically.Jobchangescareershiftsoccuratallages.Ithasbeenestimatedthatasmanyasoneoutoffourmalewkersbetweentheagesoftwentytwe

11、ntyfivechangetheirlinesofwk.Abouthalfthatnumberdosobetweentheagesoftwentyfiveftyfour.Careerplanningdoesnotguaranteethatalltheproblemsdifficultiesdecisionmakingsituationsthatfaceyouinthefuturewillbesolvedmadeanyeasier.Nof

12、mulacanbegiventodothat.Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyoutoapproachcopebetterwithnewproblemssuchasdecidingwhethernottoentereducationaltrainingprogramsdecidingwhethernottochangejobsanalyzingthedifficultiesyouarehavingwithasit

13、uationaperson.Nobodycanfeseewhatthefutureholdsfanyofus.Therearesocialemotionalmalconsiderationsinourfuturethatcannotbefeseen.Butthemostimptantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernwldisthatprogresscomesfromplanning.Ignanceabouto

14、nescareerisnotblissreasonisbetterthanchancefate.Althoughthereisnosurewaytomakecareerplanswkouttherearethingsthatyoucandonowtoshapeyourcareerpossibilities.CareerPlanning1進(jìn)行擇業(yè)規(guī)劃不一定要遵照常規(guī)的或合乎邏輯的步驟。我們每個(gè)人對(duì)不同的因素有不同側(cè)重，也許在不同的時(shí)候會(huì)考

15、慮擇業(yè)規(guī)劃的不同方面。進(jìn)行擇業(yè)規(guī)劃，要收集有關(guān)我們自身以及職業(yè)的信息資料，估計(jì)采取各種舉動(dòng)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，最后作出我們認(rèn)為有吸引力并且可行的選擇。2許多觀(guān)察家指出學(xué)生在擇業(yè)規(guī)劃方面不是很在行。他們列出了以下事實(shí)：1）大部分學(xué)生選擇職業(yè)的范圍很窄；2）多達(dá)40％至60％的學(xué)生選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)性的職業(yè)，而實(shí)際上只有15％至18％的從業(yè)人員在做專(zhuān)業(yè)性的工作；3）男青年對(duì)文書(shū)、銷(xiāo)售以及服務(wù)性行業(yè)興趣索然，盡管這些領(lǐng)域會(huì)提供許多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)；4）多達(dá)三分之一

16、的學(xué)生說(shuō)不出選擇什么職業(yè)好。3歐文?賈尼斯和利昂?曼在他們的《決策》一書(shū)中指出，許多人的決策方式存在嚴(yán)重缺陷，而這些問(wèn)題似乎與人們處理問(wèn)題的模式有關(guān)。有些人對(duì)于要費(fèi)心考慮的擇業(yè)信息置之不理，這就是自滿(mǎn)的表現(xiàn)。有些人采取“這不會(huì)影響我”或“這永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)發(fā)生”的態(tài)度，他們這樣做是將自滿(mǎn)作為自己占支配地位的行為模式。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于那些不決定成敗的決策，自滿(mǎn)是可以的，但做涉及職業(yè)方面的決策時(shí)，來(lái)不得自滿(mǎn)。4人們?cè)跊Q策方式上存在的第二個(gè)缺陷是消極回避