1、Jack,Michael,Ray,Alexander,,,,,,,,,Alexander,Storm,Motel in the desert,11 people in the motel,Manager80’ movie star and her Limo driverCop and his Serial killerProstituteNewlywadsA family,,,,,Dissociative Identity d

2、isorder,DID-------分離性身份識別障礙,Symptoms,Lapses in memory (dissociation), particularly of significant life events;experiencing blackouts in time, resulting in finding oneself in places but not recalling how one traveled the

3、re;not recognizing themselves in the mirror;being frequently accused of lying when they do not believe they are lying .,,,Multiple-personality Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder(DID),Etiology and pathogenesis,Mi

4、chael,,,,genetic,Psychological,,Social culture,Multiple-personality Disorders,Etiology and pathogenesis,Genetic,a family member with DID may indicate a potential vulnerability to developing .,Dad,Mom,,,,,Son or Daughter,

5、,morbidity rate,Dad,Mom,,,,,Son or Daughter,,2.4%,6.4%,Genetic,But does not translate into the condition being literally hereditary. In 1961,Slater studied on 12 MZs(單卵雙生子）and 12 DZs（雙卵雙生子），and didn’t find DID.,Psycho

6、logical,1.Experience and reaction of stress events (應(yīng)激性事件）is one of the most important factors.,major change of life,Psychological Trauma of War,2.Trauma experience in childhood,a child who suffers from a mental, physic

7、al or sexual abuse has a larger probability with DID when he becomes an adult.,3.Personality,,Implied暗示性,,emotional情感性,,Egocentricity自我中心,,Performativity表演性,,Abstractedness幻想性,The individual who has implied, emotion

8、al, egocentricity, performativity, abstractedness in the personality is more likely to be a DID.,Social Culture,1.Some forms of expression in DID can only find in some social culture.,Koro Syndrom can only find in the

9、 south of CHINA,,,,Higher Degree of Education,Lower Degree of Education,,2.The group of higher degree of education is with lower morbidity rate in DID.,Higher Morbidity Rate,,,,,Enclosed Spaces,Open environment,,Higher

10、 Morbidity Rate,3.The group who live in the enclosed spaces is with higher morbidity rate in DID.,,Multiple personality disorder ’s diagnosis,Ray,The patients’ different personalities can be different ages,The patients’

11、different personalities can be different ages,,,,,Research shows that the incidence is highest in the stage of 20 to 70 years old, but sometimes it is also under 20 years old,The patients’ different personalities can b

12、e different genders,,,,,Research shows that the incidence of woman is much higher than the man, The incidence of developed countries is much higher than the developing countries,Each kind of personalities can get along w

13、ell with others independently and has it's own thinking mode,just like several people share one body,these people can deal with everything with outside world ,so it is difficult to know patients has Multiple personal

14、ity disorders,One personality always does not know the existence of the other personalities, Meanwhile, at least one or two personalities can integrat the behavior.,Each kind of the personalities is complete, just like

15、 magic square's six surfaces, the personalities can convert with each other , and can operate independently.One personality does not know the existence of others, this will lead to serious "lost time" phen

16、omenon.,The transformation process of different personalities is often suddenly and dramatic,Some patients affected by mental stimulation or a sudden change turn to anather person suddenly, then all the emotions, thought

17、s, words and deeds according to the subsequent personality's way. The transformation is usually suddenly and dramatic,the patient just like a good performer .When the last personality begin to "ruling“, he has f

18、orgot what happen to the beginning personality,In the inspection,you almost can't find the strange place but the amnesia phenomenon,They feel the time passed quickly, and don't remember what they have done before

19、.It is not clear to find this disease just by one inspection so the doctor must have a long time observation to find the patients’ mental state of disease. Multiple personality disorder usually has a long or a lifetime

20、 course.,,Treatment,Jack,Process,The most ideal treatment is to reform the patient's integration personality structure,,,Hypnosis therapy(催眠治療),Hypnosis and make the patient age backwards, could help patients to adap

21、t to different personality state which appears in different periods, then commands let time back to now usually lead another personality state. It can teach patients using this method to control the state of separation.,

22、Therapeutic purposes(治療目的) : Understand their disease properties, remember gap, integrate the vice personality, become a functional personality,,hypnosis,Drug treatment,Taking anti-anxiety drugs can reduce a patient anx